Each occasion is influenced by many factors, only one of which is the group of preceding
occasions of human experience that conjointly with successor occasions constitutes the human soul from birth to death.
These entities are very different in kind from the corpuscular societies as a whole and, Whitehead is convinced, have much more kinship to the actual
occasions of human experience.
(Whitehead suggests that there may be from four to ten such
occasions of human experience in a second.
The previous discussion indicates how Whitehead believes one can, by generalizing from
occasions of human experience, talk meaningfully about the nature of nonhuman actual entities in themselves.
Finally, the doctrine that the regions that constitute the standpoint of actual
occasions of human experience include those of subhuman occasions in the brain has several specific advantages.
If we follow the argument of the previous section, there would be some difference, for whereas
the occasions of human experience have considerable temporal breadth in relation to the electronic occurrences in the brain, we have seen that the occasions of God's experience must be extremely thin in their temporal extension.
To put it in another way, there is a flow of causal efficacy from the events external to the body to bodily events and from them to
the occasions of human experience.
Also, what I call «conscious occasions are what Whitehead calls «final percipient
occasions of human experience.
Occasions of human experience everywhere exhibit the structures described by Whitehead's categories and, in addition to that, the special forms described as intellectual feelings.
It added an immense richness to the unconscious, which, by the continuity of its life, constituted the successive
occasions of human experience as a unified soul.
The process as a whole is the succession of these atomic units which are the individual
occasions of human experience.
In that picture, the clothes - line is the real self, the genuine identity of the I», and the various articles hung on the line for drying are the particular moments or
occasions of human experience.
Hartshorne also rejected Whitehead's account of the magnitude of
the occasions of human experience for much the same reasons as Cobb.
To cite but one example, in Modes of Thought Whitehead says, in respect to
occasions of human experience, that «there is a dual aspect to the relationship of an occasion of experience as one relatum and the experienced world as another relatum.
The theory generalizes the repetition of the past that is evident in conscious, mnemonic
occasions of human experience into a feature of all actual occasions, human or nonhuman.
Some we think of as bursts of energy; others, as
occasions of human experience.
Whitehead's project to find, in
occasions of human experience, patterns or structures that can be generalized, presupposes and implies the view that human beings are wholly, and without remainder, part of the natural world.
Whitehead provided us with a model of
occasions of human experience that makes clear that their content is provided by the societies out of which they come into being.
Each occasion of human experience makes a decision about itself in view of the past that it includes and the future that it anticipates.
Consider, above all, the activity of what Whitehead calls «the final percipient occasion», i.e., the present
occasion of human experience, in integrating its present visual experience, with all the complex interpretation involved therein, with previous experiences.
An occasion of human experience is a burst of energy, and all bursts of energy, like all occasions of human experience, are acts of self - constitution out of the world.
Each momentary
occasion of human experience is such a concrescence, and there is no subject or substance underlying these concrescences.
One mode is that primarily employed in this book in which attention has been focused on the intrapsychic structure, and especially on the center from which
the occasion of human experience is organized and unified.
To understand what is peculiar to the Buddhist structure of existence, it was necessary to concentrate attention on the relation of each dominant
occasion of human experience to the predecessor and successor occasion together with which it constituted a soul.
Here is a case, we are told «in which God does aim to be the main content of that which is re-enacted or incarnated from the past, so that
an occasion of human experience would not so much re-enact its own human past as some important aspect of the divine actuality» (1:146).
It is, of course, such subtle, nonconscious decisions, usually quite minor, that Whitehead discerns in
every occasion of human experience.
That an occasion of human experience is a synthesis of prehensions is fairly clear to anyone who attempts to describe what is happening.
An occasion of human experience is an event.
(From my Whiteheadian viewpoint, Buddhism seems subtly to have exaggerated the capacity of an actual
occasion of human experience to determine its own relation to its predecessors.
If we ask how this difference arises, and if we press our question fully, we find that the answer is that in
each occasion of human experience there is a decision determining the subjective aim of the occasion which may deviate from the full ideal offered the occasion in its initial phase.
However, Buddhism does not finally acknowledge the inescapable causal efficacy of the past, an efficacy only partly subject to the control of the present
occasion of human experience.
Each occasion of human experience is constituted not only by its incorporation of the cellular occasions of its body but also by its incorporation of aspects of other people.
Not exact matches
And yet, with the emergence
of consciousness at the level
of regnant
human occasions, the struggle for justice becomes ingredient in the achievement
of the richest harmony
of experience attainable.
Such concrete knowledge
of God is for any such
occasion, even a
human occasion of experience, largely unconscious, because it is the organizing center
of the concrescing activity.
In the case
of microbes which feed on
humans, a society with limited potential for intensity
of experience may achieve a measure
of endurance by destroying societies
of occasions which form the necessary environment for dominant
human occasions of greater potential intensity
of experience.
To be specific, a
human being or higher - order animal organism is an ongoing subject
of experience in and through its dominant subsociety
of occasions; but the coordination therewith required to sustain the flow
of consciousness can only be achieved through the collaboration and coordination
of millions
of sub-fields
of activity, subordinate layers
of social order, within the organism.
I also believe that, in spite
of Whitehead's reluctance to concede privileged status to
human occasions of experience, the introduction
of the wide range
of conscious anticipation
of the future which humanity represents in comparison to lesser types
of existence also introduces justice as a characteristic
of the specially
human aim at harmonious beauty.
It may be argued that if
human occasions of experience prehend God, and they do, they must prehend him as a contemporary, since God as actual entity is contemporary with all other
occasions.
Both Cobb and Sherburne try to unify
human experience within the dominant thread
of occasions, but our supposition is that the unity
of many bodily
experiences occurs within threads
of nondominant
occasions within the supposedly nonsocial nexus.
It is this presence
of God within the
human occasion of experience, that makes the
occasion something more than a deterministic outcome
of the past.
Whitehead's method, in part, is to analyze these
occasions of subjective
experience in order to find factors capable
of being generalized into principles applicable to all actual entities: «In describing the capacities, realized or unrealized,
of an actual
occasion, we have... tacitly taken
human experience as an example upon which to found the generalized description required for metaphysics» (PR 172).
The stream
of conscious
experience and synthetic activity is the dominant society
of actual
occasions in
human (and animal) bodies, being influenced by subordinate organic processes in those bodies, then influencing them in turn in an ongoing dialectic
of causality and creativity.
If our
human existence is not that
of some supposedly substantial and indestructible soul to whom
experiences happen, but is rather those
experiences themselves held together in unity and given identity by the awareness and self - awareness which makes it possible for us to say «I» and «you», then the enduring reality, which God accepts and values, is precisely that series
of events or
occasions which go to make us what we are.
Every interpretation
of the meaning
of human experience, every understanding
of the world in its totality, must by necessity start from some particular stance — or, better, must find some particular point that is taken to be
of special importance among all the events or
occasions; it provides a clue to the totality
of experience.
The «specious present»
of human experience and the quantum events
of physics are perhaps the best samples
of actual
occasions now discernible.
In Whitehead's view (and mine),
occasions of experience are not limited to the
human ones.
The concept
of occasion of experience enables us to see what is common to the
human soul and all other entities whatsoever.
This remainder is far larger in
human experience than in most other
occasions of experience, but no event is wholly determined without remainder by its past.
Whitehead's insistence upon the organismic connectedness
of things is certainly conducive to answering this question by means
of analogy and metaphor, mapping in isomorphic fashion characteristics
of the actual
occasion onto the macrocosmic objects
of human experience.
This is the sort
of experience Whitehead is referring to when he writes: «In describing the capacities, realized or unrealized,
of an actual
occasion, we have, with Locke, tacitly taken
human experience as an example upon which to found the generalized description required for metaphysics» (PR 112).