Accordingly, what happens during
the occasions process of becoming is, in part at least, «merely the outcome of the subjective aim of the subject, determining what it is integrally to be, in its own character of the superject of its own process» (PR 369).
In the satisfaction of an actual
occasion the process of becoming which can be described as the transition from indeterminateness to determinateness comes to an end, and with it the subjective immediacy of the occasion perishes.4 With this satisfaction the objective immortality begins, namely, the functioning in respect to other processes of becoming.
Not exact matches
First
of all, upon completion
of its
process of concrescence, an
occasion becomes a superject; that is, it objectifies itself so that it can be prehended by later
occasions (PR 219f / 335f).
This differs from
process metaphysics, which incorporates the object in the act
of becoming, holding that an object is given or imminent in an
occasion.
Primitively time has the character
of process, which has «creativity» as its essence and reveals itself in the
becoming of actual
occasions (PR 31f).
We may trace these stages: (1) At first, Whitehead is content to express the unity
of an
occasion in
process of becoming simply in terms
of the first three categoreal conditions (f).
When he says creativity «is that ultimate principle by which the many, which are the universe disjunctively,
become the one actual
occasion, which is the universe conjunctively» (
Process 21), is he saying the members
of the multiplicity (that an actual entity prehends) are parts
of one whole as it begins its concrescence, or is he saying they do not
become parts
of a whole until the actual entity reaches its satisfaction?
As it moves through the
process of becoming a specific and complete something in the world, the actual
occasion exhibits the character
of a decision system.
And so, when an actual
occasion comes into being through its
process of concrescence, its concrescing prehensions also
become.
For, without doing violence to a single organic doctrine, we could avoid the embarrassment
of saying that an
occasion qua subject is not an entity by the simple expedient
of redefining «entity» to signify whatever functions, or is destined to function, as a potential for
processes of becoming.
I need to emphasize the actuality
of the superject (or, what is the same, the superjective existence
of the actuality) because the misinterpretation
of the principle
of process has often gone hand in hand with the mistaken belief that «actuality» can be properly predicated
of an
occasion only while it is in the
process of becoming.3 This widespread and deeply rooted mistake deserves more attention than I can give it here without digressing extensively from my main thesis.
This creation
of an
occasion's being by its
becoming is precisely what the principle
of process asserts.
For it can be shown that an actual
occasion can be a potential for other
processes of becoming only when it is a superject.
Just as the temporal order
of actual
occasions is the order
of their acts
of becoming, so the temporal order
of prehensions in the
process of concrescence is the order
of their
becoming.13
Accordingly, if every being or entity is a potentiality for
process and if an
occasion is a potentiality for
process only when it is a superject, we can then conclude that when Whitehead says that an actual
occasion has
become a being and is, for that reason, a potentiality for
processes of becoming, he means that the
occasion has
become a superject.
The initial datum, which is that actual entity prehended, is already an abstraction from the full, living, subjective immediacy
of that
occasion's
process of becoming.
Process philosophers must either
become Cartesians and reject the doctrine
of the spaciness
of mind, or find an effective way
of reinterpreting the epochal theory to permit longer - lasting conscious
occasions, or they must reject the doctrine
of the external imperceptibility
of mind.
But his answer diverges in two ways: (i) In speaking
of «lateral tensions» as having some influence on what each natural moment passes on to later moments, Santayana is in conflict with Whitehead's view that in its
process of becoming an actual
occasion is causally quite detached from its contemporaries, and operates privately upon the past
occasions which have entered into it in order to produce that over-all character which it will pass on to later
occasions.
These statements give something
of the flavor
of this early theory: «the first stage
of the
process of feeling is the reception into the responsive conformity
of feeling whereby the datum, which is mere potentiality,
becomes the individualized basis for a complex unity
of realization» (PR 113C).3 Or, later, «The objectified particular
occasions together have the unity
of a datum for the creative concrescence» (PR 210C).
In the present instance God is the concrescing entity, so God can not be the ground
of the givenness
of X when God is prehending X. God is in unison
of becoming with every
occasion (cf. Christian, 333 - 334), but it is the definition
of contemporary
occasions,
occasions in unison
of becoming, that neither
of them prehend the other (cf.
Process and Reality, An Essay in Cosmology 102).
By perishing in its subjective, present immediacy the actual
occasion becomes objectively immortal, as the
process of becoming unified terminates in a unified being capable
of causally influencing those
processes of becoming which supersede it.
As I reflect on the experience
of my temporality I note that it is a
process composed
of occasions, each
of them a «throb
of experience4 that momentarily
becomes and then perishes.
It would seem reasonable to hold that as one grows up, as one's brain develops and
becomes more complex (a
process which does not end with physical maturity but continues through life) and as one accumulates a wealth
of memory against which one can compare and contrast present experience, the mental poles
of the
occasions of one's regnant nexus would
become generally stronger.
33 The chief difficulty which the reading
of Process and Reality occasions is that the initial data of an event are represented as themselves in constant movement and as always performing different functions in the process of be
Process and Reality
occasions is that the initial data
of an event are represented as themselves in constant movement and as always performing different functions in the
process of be
process of becoming.
Becoming is associated with the subjective
processes of concrescence (PR 25 / 38, 35 / 53, 283 / 434, and others), while the relationship which obtains between
occasions in durations is an extensional concept
of simultaneity.
Panexperientialism resists the completely deterministic interpretation
of this idea, according to which the temporally prior condition fully determines every present event: When the event in question is an individual
occasion of experience, it has a mental pole, which is partly self - determining (In Whitehead's words, the ontological principle «could also be termed the «principle
of efficient, and final, causation,»» because it says that «every condition to which the
process of becoming conforms in any particular instance has its reason either in the character
of some actual entity in the actual world
of that concrescence or in the character
of the subject which is in
process of concrescence» [PR 24].)
Gingerly, I approach this problem
of the subjective immortality
of the «resurrected» into an everlasting God by envisioning God's continuous
process of becoming as comprehending the regions defined by all
of the
processes of becoming that are God's creatures, even as the spacio - temporal regions coordinated by and responsive to the «presiding
occasions»
of our bodies include the regions defined by our various bodily
occasions.
The
process - relational model
of God as the most extensive exemplification
of primordial creativity, with every worldly
occasion in its own
process of becoming; the
process - relational concept
of God as the principle
of order channeling the world's
becoming toward ever richer and more harmonious experience (the primordial nature); and the
process - relational concept
of God's preservation
of every worldly
occasion in God's own everlasting
becoming (the consequent nature), with each such
occasion evaluated and positioned for its greatest possible contribution to the divine life — these perspectives on divine reality which
process - relational thought claims to find exemplified in the very nature
of things are separately and together congruent with and supportive
of the biblical images and events which describe the «already» in inaugurated eschatology.»
One can not observe, from without, an «
occasion in the
process of becoming.
The
occasion's final cause is called its «subjective aim»; it is the aim at a determinate «satisfaction» which is the conclusion
of the
occasion's
process of becoming (PR 1 34).
This
occasion is related to other
occasions only at its initiation (as prehender) and at its consummation (as datum for prehension) Hence, in principle, its own inner
process of becoming is irrelevant to its observable relations.
However, one can analyze the
process of becoming of the actual
occasion, and indeed, Whitehead develops an extremely elaborate analysis.
Confusion at this point tempts non-
process thinkers to identify the coming into being and the occurring
of an event on the grounds that both must mean its «
becoming present, «2 and tempts
process thinkers to suppose that the satisfaction
of an
occasion must have the static being
of a substance.
Worship
becomes an
occasion in which «sacred» texts are both revered and scrutinized through the playful
processes of oral performance and homiletical interpretation.
A genetic phase in
process of becoming can not derive its being from the
occasion of which it is a part, for that
occasion has not yet come into being.
Of course the rhythm of the immediate process has no being or achievement other than the determinate occasions it brings to fact; but that is the poignancy of change and becoming, always losing its thrust when it succeed
Of course the rhythm
of the immediate process has no being or achievement other than the determinate occasions it brings to fact; but that is the poignancy of change and becoming, always losing its thrust when it succeed
of the immediate
process has no being or achievement other than the determinate
occasions it brings to fact; but that is the poignancy
of change and becoming, always losing its thrust when it succeed
of change and
becoming, always losing its thrust when it succeeds.
Since the aim
of this
process is to
become something fully definite, there is no fully definite possibility at which the
occasion aims.10 Indeed, a «fully definite possibility» is, in Hartshorne's view, a contradiction in terms.
It
becomes an objective datum for future
occasions to take account
of, positively or negatively, in the continuance
of process.
For example, what we usually call «an electron» really is a society
of occasions, each
of which is a distinct subjective
process of becoming, flickeringly brief in duration; each inherits some characteristic forms (which we call «electronic») from a predecessor and mediates them to a successor.
Adventure is the universes search for continually more intense forms
of ordered novelty.5 If the actual world is a
process, composed
of becoming and perishing
occasions then its movement toward integrating these
occasions into ever richer modes
of order may be called adventure.
The analysis
of the
process of an actual
occasion, which constitutes its own
becoming, leads into a theory
of subjectivity which is among the most important new achievements
of Whitehead's cosmology.
Objectified
occasions, before they
become data in the
process of concrescence under consideration, are themselves always functioning as subjectivity in their own
process.
Whitehead's decisive thesis — that the actual
occasion as subjectivity
becomes what it is in the
process of concrescence (cf. PR 40ff.
Because
of the singularity
of actual
occasions in the
process of concretion, this exhausting
of the perspectives
of the preceding
occasions never
becomes a complete reproduction in the sense
of a renewed occurrence
of the subjectivity
of these objectified
occasions.
The inclusion
of the satisfaction in the
occasion as a contributory component would amount to a return to a substance metaphysics; the
process insights
of a dynamic
becoming would be replaced by reference to substances undergoing accidental changes.
It seems incredible that such a basic shepherding
process works so well but, after seeing it on a number
of occasions, and talking with both predator and prey, it
became clear that much more than just physical herding is in practice.