Since NEPTUNE's launch, several cable malfunctions have
occurred along the ridge, and some are still down for unknown reasons, Juniper says.
The plume's more southern location, Toomey said, adds fuel to his group's findings, at three different sites
along the globe encircling mid-ocean
ridge (where 85 percent of Earth's volcanic activity
occurs), that Earth's internal convection doesn't always adhere to modeling efforts and raises new questions about how ocean plates at Earth's surface — the lithosphere — interact with the hotter, more fluid asthenosphere that sits atop the mantle.