Self - organized vegetation patterns are widespread in arid lands and elsewhere, and Rietkerk et al. [11]--[12] as well as Couteron and Lejeune [13]--[15] proposed that such patterns are the result of nearby positive and distant negative feedbacks created by plants and physical processes
occurring at different scales and intensities.
Not exact matches
But the new cantilever experiment tests for wave function collapse
occurring at different rate and length
scales than those previous studies.
Essentially an AOP tells a toxicological story in terms of a logical sequence of causally - linked «key events» that
occur at different levels of biological organisation, from perturbations
at the molecular
scale up to effects
occurring in a whole organism or a population.
The technique, a new development —
different from Zewail's Nobel Prize - winning work in femtochemistry, the visual study of chemical processes
occurring at femtosecond
scales — allowed researchers to observe directly the transitioning atomic configuration of a prototypical phase - change material, germanium telluride (GeTe), when it is hit by a femtosecond laser pulse.
Life - cycle stages and forest processes may
occur at different temporal and spatial
scales, but are related and we discuss each in turn.
C is not constant for the dT» / dt equation to apply because heat penetrates through
different parts of the climate system (
different depths of the ocean in particular) over
different time
scales (also, if T» is supposed to be
at some reference location or the global average
at some vertical level, T»
at other locations will vary; C will have to be an effective C value, the heat per unit change in the T»
at the location (s) where T»
occurs)
Radiation transfers heat across
different scales at different optical thicknesses for
different frequencies; the net radiant flux depends more on temperature variations that
occur over distances on the order of a unit of optical thickness, so the net flux can be through smaller -
scale temperature variations.
Abstract — 2008 Climate and wildfires in the North American boreal forest... Climate controls the area burned through changing the dynamics of large -
scale teleconnection patterns (Pacific Decadal Oscillation / El Niño Southern Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation, PDO / ENSO and AO) that control the frequency of blocking highs over the continent
at different time
scales......... Since the end of the Little Ice Age, the climate has been unusually moist and variable: large fire years have
occurred in unusual years, fire frequency has decreased and fire — climate relationships have
occurred at interannual to decadal time
scales...... http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/363/1501/2315.short ----------------------
As wind turbine technology catches up with the latest solar cell inventions, other research on bird collision risk and marine mammal injury mitigation will complete preparations for larger
scale wind - energy projects, just as recent research is also providing evidence of varying bird risks
occurring at different heights (and for
different species.)