Sentences with phrase «ocean and atmosphere cycles»

The global surface temperature increase since about 1860 corresponds to a recovery from the Little Ice Age, modulated by natural ocean and atmosphere cycles, without need for additional forcing by greenhouse gases.

Not exact matches

It includes the ecological cycles that maintain the composition of the atmosphere and the oceans and those that are responsible for the degradation of wastes.

There are other cycles in nature, such as the water cycle, in which water circulates between the atmosphere and the soil and oceans and rivers.

Science questions the answers, e.g. hurricanes are caused by warm moist ocean air being drawn up into the cooler atmosphere and creating a wind pattern though we are still open to consider other factors that may have influence on this cycle.

Essential for Earth's life and climate, nitrogen is an element that cycles between soils and the atmosphere and between the atmosphere and the ocean.

Ocean mixing is an important part of the global climate cycle: It churns up nutrients that feed phytoplankton blooms and aids the exchange of gases with the atmosphere.

Plankton plays an important role in the ocean's carbon cycle by removing half of all CO2 from the atmosphere during photosynthesis and storing it deep under the sea — isolated from the atmosphere for centuries.

The Carbon cycle is a geological process that regulates the CO2 - level in the atmosphere and with that, the temperature of the planet's surface: In the ocean, CO2, in its dissolved form, undergoes a chemical reaction and is then transported into Earth's mantle.

While Antarctic ice shelves are in direct contact with both the atmosphere and the surrounding oceans, and thus subject to changes in environmental conditions, they also go through repeated internally - driven cycles of growth and collapse.

The models must track how carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases cycle through the whole system — how the gases interact with plant life, oceans, the atmosphere — and how this influences overall global temperatures.

They report in Global Biogeochemical Cycles that, of the carbon entering coastal waters from rivers and the atmosphere, about 20 percent is buried while 80 percent flows out to the open ocean.

The Indonesian archipelago sits in the Indo - Pacific Warm Pool, an expanse of ocean that supplies a sizable fraction of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere and plays a role in propagating El Niño cycles.

The projected impacts of a warming atmosphere and oceans on the Earth's hydrological cycle — dry regions likely becoming drier, while wet ones become more wet — will likely exacerbate this already dire situation.

The working group on coupled biogeochemical cycling and controlling factors dealt with questions regarding the role of plankton diversity, how ocean biogeochemistry will respond to global changes on decadal to centennial time scales, the key biogeochemical links between the ocean, atmosphere, and climate, and the role of estuaries, shelves, and marginal seas in the capturing, transformation, and exchange of terrestrial and open - marine material.

When these worms began to mix up the ocean floor's sediments (a process known as bioturbation), their activity came to significantly influence the ocean's phosphorus cycle and as a result, the amount of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere.

A new study led by The Australian National University (ANU) has found seawater cycles throughout Earth's interior down to 2,900 km, much deeper than previously thought, reopening questions about how the atmosphere and oceans formed.

Researchers have known for years that diatoms can remove iron from oceans and carbon from the atmosphere, but little is known about how iron is cycled and removed from the Antarctic region.

A detailed, long - term ocean temperature record derived from corals on Christmas Island in Kiribati and other islands in the tropical Pacific shows that the extreme warmth of recent El Niño events reflects not just the natural ocean - atmosphere cycle but a new factor: global warming caused by human activity.

They then analyzed ocean - atmosphere carbon exchange and ocean carbon cycling within their circulation model.

«If all of the Earth's water is on the surface, that gives us one interpretation of the water cycle, where we can think of water cycling from oceans into the atmosphere and into the groundwater over millions of years,» she said.

It's broadly understood that the world's oceans play a crucial role in the global - scale cycling and exchange of carbon between Earth's ecosystems and atmosphere.

This element moves through the atmosphere, oceans and the planet's crust in a pattern called the carbon cycle.

Assistant Professor of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science Robert Spencer and a team of researchers traveled to Siberia from 2012 to 2015 to better understand how thawing permafrost affected the carbon cycle and specifically to see if the vast amounts of carbon stored in this permafrost were thawing and how it w transferring to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

The key long - term stabilizing mechanism that keeps Earth's climate in the habitable range (allowing liquid water on its surface) is the carbon cycle: it is the journey of carbon through the atmosphere, the ocean, the rocks, and the volcanoes of our planet.

This cycling of water is intimately linked with energy exchanges among the atmosphere, ocean, and land that determine the Earth's climate and cause much of natural climate variability.

New insights into the glaciation cycles that occurred on Earth long before humans began affecting the temperature of the atmosphere and oceans are now possible using the technique of measuring noble gas quantities.

My rather old (1994) carbon cycle chart shows 111 GtC turned into biomass each year (61 land 50 ocean) compared to 750 in the atmosphere and 5.5 added to the atmosphere by human activity.

Due to a combination of the warm phase of the solar cycle and an overdue switch to El Niño - when the ocean gives up a lot of heat to the atmosphere, near - future warming is expected.

Marine planktonic ecosystem dynamics, biogeochemical cycling and ocean - atmosphere - land carbon system, ocean acidification, climate change and ocean circulation, satellite ocean color, air - sea gas exchange, numerical modeling, data analysis, and data assimilation

This finding highlights the need to understand the various cycles that impact heat transfer from the oceans to the atmosphere and back.

The carbon cycle defines the fate of CO2 injected into the air by fossil fuel burning [1], [168] as the additional CO2 distributes itself over time among surface carbon reservoirs: the atmosphere, ocean, soil, and biosphere.

They need to know: what a GHG is and how the GHE works; the carbon cycle; how climate has changed over the entire geologic history of the planet; how the climate has changed recently (relatively speaking); the main variables of climate like temperature, rainfall, etc.; the role of the sun, atmosphere and oceans on climate.

Human influence has been detected in warming of the atmosphere and the ocean, in changes in the global water cycle, in reductions in snow and ice, in global mean sea level rise, and in changes in some climate extremes.

mixed layer is oceanographically absurd is that all sorts of well - observed facets of the ocean go haywire if you assume a mixed layer to that depth — seasonal cycle, C14, CFC's, and for that matter the rate of removal of CO2 from the atmosphere.

Proposed explanations for the discrepancy include ocean — atmosphere coupling that is too weak in models, insufficient energy cascades from smaller to larger spatial and temporal scales, or that global climate models do not consider slow climate feedbacks related to the carbon cycle or interactions between ice sheets and climate.

The non linear nature of forcing is related more to positive feedbacks and changes that are still being studied, such as cyclic changes in moisture content and regional dispersion, the methane cycles in the ocean or the potential of methane clathrate / hydrate release, and of course the race to feed more people on a planet which will inevitably add more nitrous oxide to the atmosphere and create more dead zones in the oceans, droughts, floods, fires, dogs and cats living together, mass hysteria....

The airborne fraction of new carbon added to the system drifts down from 15 - 25 % after equilibration between the atmosphere and the ocean but before neutralization by the CaCO3 cycle and ultimate recovery by the silicate weathering CO2 thermostat.

If we raise the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere to Cretaceous levels and hold it there for 10,000 years or so, the CaCO3 cycle in the ocean will restore the carbonate ion concentration back toward CaCO3 saturation.

Based on findings related to oceanic acidity levels during the PETM and on calculations about the cycling of carbon among the oceans, air, plants and soil, Dickens and co-authors Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii and James Zachos of the University of California - Santa Cruz determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased by about 70 percent during the PETM.

Summary for Policymakers Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Observations: Atmosphere and Surface Chapter 3: Observations: Ocean Chapter 4: Observations: Cryosphere Chapter 5: Information from Paleoclimate Archives Chapter 6: Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles Chapter 7: Clouds and Aerosols Chapter 8: Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing Chapter 8 Supplement Chapter 9: Evaluation of Climate Models Chapter 10: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change: from Global to Regional Chapter 11: Near - term Climate Change: Projections and Predictability Chapter 12: Long - term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility Chapter 13: Sea Level Change Chapter 14: Climate Phenomena and their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change Chapter 14 Supplement Technical Summary

We know that the number of tropical cyclones is influenced by several factors: the seasonal cycle, the geography, ocean temperatures and the wind structure in the atmosphere.

It is true that during ice ages the oceans took up more CO2 and that is why there was less in the atmosphere, and during the warming at the end of glacial cycles that CO2 came back out of the ocean, and this was an important amplifying feedback.

To make any sense, the net emissions by humans have to be compared with the net uptake by oceans and forests and atmosphere, not with the turnover rate of a cycle, which is an irrelevant comparison.

If in exceeds out and the diffential MUST exist from top to bottom of the atmosphere, then before the hotter air can migrate to the deep ocean, the daily temerature cycling will force the hotter air at the bottom into an overall equlibrium ie hotter air will rise — or more correctly since GHGs have heated the air up more at the bottom, then the sun induced daily warming will add more heat to the top, & less at the bottom to force the equilibrium — ie effectively hot air rising even if not in actuality.

Roger Revelle, one of the pioneering researchers in the study of the human influence on the atmosphere, carbon cycle and climate, gave a prescient lecture on carbon dioxide, climate and the oceans in 1980 that was recorded by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and now surfaces via the Web site Climate Science TV.

Is the rather definitive statement that «The increased activity since 1995 is due to natural fluctuations (and) cycles of hurricane activity driven by the Atlantic Ocean itself along with the atmosphere above it and not enhanced substantially by global warming» at all supportable?

The daily temp cycles impact the entire atmosphere and a few inches of ground and ocean, there is no way to delay the effects of a GHG release until years out.

Although the exact causes for ice ages, and the glacial cycles within them, have not been proven, they are most likely the result of a complicated dynamic interaction between such things as solar output, distance of the Earth from the sun, position and height of the continents, ocean circulation, and the composition of the atmosphere.

Human influence has been detected in warming of the atmosphere and the ocean, in changes in the global water cycle, in reductions in snow and ice, in global mean sea level rise, and in changes in some climate extremes (see Figure SPM.6 and Table SPM.1).

Like all such research, the study offers a measure of how little we know of the mechanics of life, atmosphere, ocean and rock − and, in particular, the carbon cycle.