Sentences with phrase «ocean bottom current»

These observations of spatial variation in relation to the terrain features are likely driven in part by changes in ocean bottom current speeds produced by the hilly terrain; this causes changes in the settling and drifting of marine snow.

Not exact matches

Examples include the claim that air has weight, 26 the existence of valleys27 and vents28 on the bottom of the sea, ocean currents, 29 and the fact that winds blow in circular paths.30 These are remarkable claims that could not have been directly observed by a bunch on nomadic sheep herders.

A major thrust of current research is to understand how creatures like these at the bottom of the food chain respond to ocean acidification.

The warm waters give up their heat in the bitterly cold regions monitored by OSNAP, become denser, and sink, forming ocean - bottom currents that return southward, hugging the perimeter of the ocean basins.

The mechanism that causes eddies in the surface ocean leads to an intensification of currents in the top and bottom layers of the ocean.

My research indicates that the Siberian peat moss, Arctic tundra, and methal hydrates (frozen methane at the bottom of the ocean) all have an excellent chance of melting and releasing their stored co2.Recent methane concentration figures also hit the news last week, and methane has increased after a long time being steady.The forests of north america are drying out and are very susceptible to massive insect infestations and wildfires, and the massive die offs - 25 % of total forests, have begun.And, the most recent stories on the Amazon forecast that with the change in rainfall patterns one third of the Amazon will dry and turn to grassland, thereby creating a domino cascade effect for the rest of the Amazon.With co2 levels risng faster now that the oceans have reached carrying capacity, the oceans having become also more acidic, and the looming threat of a North Atlanic current shutdown (note the recent terrible news on salinity upwelling levels off Greenland,) and the change in cold water upwellings, leading to far less biomass for the fish to feed upon, all lead to the conclusion we may not have to worry about NASA completing its inventory of near earth objects greater than 140 meters across by 2026 (Recent Benjamin Dean astronomy lecture here in San Francisco).

The oceans are a difficult part of the system for a number of reasons (mainly that the scale at which important things happen (bottom currents, eddies, western boundary currents) is quite small relative to similar processes in the atmosphere.

Plankton, the tiny organisms at the bottom of the ocean food chain that so much of marine life depends on, drift with the ocean currents, but sometimes come together in dense patches under the surface that can later rise to the surface as red tides.

The much slower thermohaline circulation mixes cold abyssal water on a time scale of centuries — the global ocean turnover time estimated from bottom current velocities is estimated to be on the order of half a millennium

Warmer or saltier ocean currents could melt WAIS ice from the bottom up regardless of specific local bottom topography.

It's always worth remembering that the other end of the AMOC involves two main factors: (1) vorticity - mixing of heat from surface waters into the deep abyssal ocean (which decreases density causing the Atlantic Deep Water to start rising above the colder Antarctic Bottom Water) and (2) the wind - driven upwelling around the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.

In contrast to the wind - driven currents, the THC is not confined to surface waters but can be regarded as a big overturning of the world ocean, from top to bottom.

Normally the current, that flows in a column from the water surface to the ocean bottom, curves back eastwards from Cape Agulhas into the Indian Oocean bottom, curves back eastwards from Cape Agulhas into the Indian OceanOcean.

[9] Recent warming observations of Antarctic Bottom Water in the Southern Ocean is of concern to ocean scientists because bottom water changes will effect currents, nutrients, and biota elseBottom Water in the Southern Ocean is of concern to ocean scientists because bottom water changes will effect currents, nutrients, and biota elsewOcean is of concern to ocean scientists because bottom water changes will effect currents, nutrients, and biota elsewocean scientists because bottom water changes will effect currents, nutrients, and biota elsebottom water changes will effect currents, nutrients, and biota elsewhere.

Those warm currents melted the bottoms of any glaciers that terminated in the ocean.

This hieat is applied over the entire ocean surface, the overwhelming majority of which does not have direct and quick communications with the bottom by currents.

If ocean acidification continues at the current rate, many species at the bottom of the food chain, as well as corals, could face extinction.

The shapes of the shorelines, bottom relief, systems of oceanic currents, tides, atmospheric circulation and a number of other criteria subdivide the World Ocean into the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Arctic Oceans.

For example, reductions in seasonal sea ice cover and higher surface temperatures may open up new habitat in polar regions for some important fish species, such as cod, herring, and pollock.128 However, continued presence of cold bottom - water temperatures on the Alaskan continental shelf could limit northward migration into the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea off northwestern Alaska.129, 130 In addition, warming may cause reductions in the abundance of some species, such as pollock, in their current ranges in the Bering Sea131and reduce the health of juvenile sockeye salmon, potentially resulting in decreased overwinter survival.132 If ocean warming continues, it is unlikely that current fishing pressure on pollock can be sustained.133 Higher temperatures are also likely to increase the frequency of early Chinook salmon migrations, making management of the fishery by multiple user groups more challenging.134

Tide heights near ice shelves can be measured using traditional coastal tide gauges and bottom pressure recorders, while currents can be measured with meters on moorings in the open ocean or deployed through boreholes drilled through ice shelves, which are the floating portions of ice sheets.

Two items: the first, the layered Ocean currents, fresh water on top, then the warmer but saltier layer and finally the deep bottom layer.

It, too has significant transverse structure and is a global transporter of heat as complex currents move water around based on its temperature, salinity / density, wind direction at the surface, heat sources at depth, evaporation, the coriolis force, the shape of the ocean bottom, and freshwater contributions from e.g. rivers and melting ice.

We know where it starts — in the Arctic Ocean where warm water brought there by currents cools, sinks, and flows south along the bottom until it reaches West Antarctic.

We know that this sort of thing was the cause of the warming 55 million years ago simply because the ocean currents started coming off the bottom of the sea.

It consists of cold, deepwater currents starting near the poles and traveling long distances along the bottom of the ocean before surfacing again, with important consequences for the climate.

By understanding the relationship between the size, composition and distribution of particles found on the bottom with the motion of the water column above, scientists who study long cores of ocean sediment can tell how currents have changed or moved over time.

-- Warm ocean currents are intruding further and further into the Arctic ocean, currents that eventually sink to the bottom as salinity increases

However the tidal currents coming into contact with the relief of the ocean bottom (even if this is very deep) creates waves which are propagated at the interface between two layers of different densities.

Being denser than warm water it then sank and flowed out along the bottom of the ocean in deep ocean currents, eventually filling the depths of the ocean basins around the world.

Peter Ward on the consequences of this development: «When [the global ocean current conveyor belt] stops, we lose oxygen at the bottom, and we start the process toward mass extinction.»

Features of the model described here include the following: (1) tripolar grid to resolve the Arctic Ocean without polar filtering, (2) partial bottom step representation of topography to better represent topographically influenced advective and wave processes, (3) more accurate equation of state, (4) three - dimensional flux limited tracer advection to reduce overshoots and undershoots, (5) incorporation of regional climatological variability in shortwave penetration, (6) neutral physics parameterization for representation of the pathways of tracer transport, (7) staggered time stepping for tracer conservation and numerical efficiency, (8) anisotropic horizontal viscosities for representation of equatorial currents, (9) parameterization of exchange with marginal seas, (10) incorporation of a free surface that accommodates a dynamic ice model and wave propagation, (11) transport of water across the ocean free surface to eliminate unphysical «virtual tracer flux» methods, (12) parameterization of tidal mixing on continental sheOcean without polar filtering, (2) partial bottom step representation of topography to better represent topographically influenced advective and wave processes, (3) more accurate equation of state, (4) three - dimensional flux limited tracer advection to reduce overshoots and undershoots, (5) incorporation of regional climatological variability in shortwave penetration, (6) neutral physics parameterization for representation of the pathways of tracer transport, (7) staggered time stepping for tracer conservation and numerical efficiency, (8) anisotropic horizontal viscosities for representation of equatorial currents, (9) parameterization of exchange with marginal seas, (10) incorporation of a free surface that accommodates a dynamic ice model and wave propagation, (11) transport of water across the ocean free surface to eliminate unphysical «virtual tracer flux» methods, (12) parameterization of tidal mixing on continental sheocean free surface to eliminate unphysical «virtual tracer flux» methods, (12) parameterization of tidal mixing on continental shelves.