Sentences with phrase «ocean bulk»

The list of exhibitors at the IBWSS UK includes some of the biggest names in the industry, including Broadland Wineries, Trans Ocean Bulk Logistics, Terressentia Corporation and The Ciatti Company.

Since 1984 Trans Ocean Bulk Logistics have been providing customers with the most reliable and most cost - effective services in non-hazardous bulk liquid transportation.

So the mechanism should cause a decline in skin temperature gradients with increased cloud cover (more downward heat radiation), and there should also be a decline in the difference between cool skin layer and ocean bulk temperatures - as less heat escapes the ocean under increased atmospheric warming.

Trans Ocean Bulk will be attending the International Bulk Wine & Spirits Show in London in February 2018.

The list of exhibitors at the IBWSS UK includes some of the biggest names in the industry, including Broadland Wineries, Trans - Ocean Bulk Logistics, Terressentia Corporation and The Ciatti Company.

Conversely longwave forcing generated by GHGs are absorbed in the first few microns of the ocean's surface and largely result in evaporation rather than warming of the ocean bulk beneath.

The existence of that cooler layer is evidence that the rate of evaporation is the primary influence on variability in the rate of ocean energy loss (apart from internal ocean circulation variability which is not relevant here) and it follows that more evaporation for the same rate of conduction and radiation (from a stable temperature differential) will send that cooler layer deeper and / or intensify the temperature differential between it and the ocean bulk below.

The evaporative, conductive and radiative processes combined then set up a thermal gradient causing an upward flow of energy from water to air from where that 1 mm layer touches the ocean bulk below, up across the cooler layer then to the Knudsen layer by reversing the normal (warm at the top and cool at the bottom) temperature gradient which exists from that 1 mm layer down to the ocean bottom.

Indeed, the faster the rate of evaporation the deeper the level of temperature discontinuity will go and / or the larger the temperature differential will be between the cooler layer and the ocean bulk below.

They record more energy in the top few microns but that does not indicate any warming of the rest of the lower 1 mm layer above the ocean bulk.

If that cooler 1 mm layer is indeed caused by evaporation drawing energy away upwards then more evaporation should logically cause more cooling of the ocean bulk not less.

Any increase in the activity level of evaporation in the Knudsen layer increases the energy flow from below and in the process further cools the 1 mm deep layer of water below it which then draws energy faster from the ocean bulk.

Downwards from the discontinuity between the ocean bulk and the 1 mm cooler layer the thermal gradient is from warm at the top to cool at the ocean bottom.

If the Knudsen layer warms from increased IR then the resulting increased rate of evaporation should cool the lower 1 mm layer even more than the increased IR causes warming of the Knudsen layer so the temperature differential actually INCREASES at the discontinuity between the ocean bulk and the cooler layer above leading to a faster energy flow upward.

They measure the temperature of the Knudsen layer and the few microns below it which are affected by infra red radiation and a point 5 cm lower in the ocean bulk.

This leads to a thin (1 mm deep) layer of cooler water over the oceans worldwide and below the evaporative region that is some 0.3 C cooler than the ocean bulk below.

I think the point at the heart of this is that the depth of that 1 mm layer and the size of the temperature differential where it meets the ocean bulk is a dynamic interaction dependent upon the speed of the evaporative process in the Knudsen layer above.

The Knudsen layer and a few microns below it may be warmer than that 1 mm layer beneath which is in turn 0.3 C cooler than the ocean bulk because the temperature of the topmost molecules rises when there is an increase in downwelling IR.

In effect the evaporation sucks energy from the oceans against the thermal gradient within the ocean bulk and despite the warming of the topmost molecules caused by infra red radiation and then expels it to the air in the form of latent heat carried by water vapour.

So if one increases the rate of downwelling IR (thereby increasing the evaporation rate) then the increase in upward energy flow caused by the fall in the temperature of that 1 mm layer will be greater than the decrease in upward energy flow that will result from any reduced temperature differential between the topmost Knudsen layer and the ocean bulk arising from the application of Fourier's Law.

The reason for that reversal of the thermal gradient is the power of evaporation in setting up that 0.3 C «cooler» layer at the top of the ocean bulk about 1 mm thick and just below the Knudsen layer.

Upwards from the discontinuity between the ocean bulk and the 1 mm cooler layer the thermal gradient is from warm at the bottom then through the cooler layer and then finally to warmer at the top.

Of course, if the air were to be warmer than the ocean surface then evaporation would take the extra energy required from the air rather than the water and that 1 mm deep layer (0.3 C cooler than the ocean bulk) would rise to the surface and dissipate but that doesn't happen often or for long.

If anyone can overcome that conundrum to increase the temperature of both ocean bulk and ocean skin simultaneously from incoming DLR photons then I'd like to hear the explanation.