I am aware of the problems with satellite data, but what's the story with NASA alledgedly starting to include
ocean data after WW II?
Not exact matches
The so - called Benioff
Ocean Initiative came about
after the Salesforce CEO contacted marine biologist Douglas McCauley via email
after reading one of his research papers, offering to help him gather more
data.
They reported this finding in July
after analyzing 50 - plus years of
data on light penetration of the
ocean surface and plankton abundance in water samples.
After further analysis of the
data, the scientists found that although a strong El Niño changes wind patterns in West Antarctica in a way that promotes flow of warm
ocean waters towards the ice shelves to increase melting from below, it also increases snowfall particularly along the Amundsen Sea sector.
Four days
after its launch on 17 January, the Jason - 3 high - precision
ocean altimetry satellite is delivering its first sea surface height measurement data in near - real time for evaluation by engineers from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), EUMETSAT, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and scientists from the international Ocean Surface Topography Science
ocean altimetry satellite is delivering its first sea surface height measurement
data in near - real time for evaluation by engineers from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), EUMETSAT, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and scientists from the international
Ocean Surface Topography Science
Ocean Surface Topography Science Team.
It's modeled
after the NEPTUNE and VENUS projects, the largest deep
ocean observatory networks in the world, which extend the Internet out into the Northeast Pacific in order to gather
data.
Less than a year
after the first research flight kicked off NASA's
Oceans Melting Greenland campaign,
data from the new program are providing a dramatic increase in knowledge of how Greenland's ice sheet is melting from below.
St. Laurent says the gliders will revolutionise hurricane science: «Suddenly you have the ability to lay a
data grid out under the
ocean and collect real information before, during and
after a storm event.»
After the Japan earthquake, seismic stations, deep -
ocean buoys and tidal gauges delivered a wealth of
data for accurate tsunami forecasts in Hawaii, California and the rest of the Pacific Rim, but public preparedness can be even more important
Just a few years
after scientists warned of impending
ocean apocalypse, a handful of simple management tools have pulled some of Earth's fisheries back from the edge of collapse, according to a review of global fish populations and catch
data.
After obtaining precise ice shelf height
data, the researchers used a regional climate model to work out how much of the variability on a year - to - year basis was due to snowfall (which causes ice shelves to grow taller) versus
ocean - driven melting (which causes ice shelves to thin from below).
Nagarajan — whose teaching experience includes a year in Chennai, India,
after the 2004 Indian
Ocean tsunami — remained in the background on
data meeting day as Hope's teachers worked on their reteaching plans.
First of all,
after reading this post, think about how much less
ocean data there is than atmospheric
data.
[Response: I would point out that if you look at the combined
ocean and land
data for the tropics (available at the GISS web site), the
ocean (still part of the surface
after all) shows significant and widespread warming.
After combining the
ocean data with our land
data, we arrive at a global average picture of climate change since 1850.
A few days
after her Senate testimony, Curry took to her blog to dispute these
data, essentially arguing that the amount of heat absorbed by the
oceans has also «paused», which would then support her arguments.
After a detailed study they conclude the
data do not support claims either that the
oceans have warmed or cooled in the period 1950 - 2000.
After RR & LOL i think not quite, but, yes, it is the warmest January on that 32 year
data set and further reading on Spencer's site indicate the
ocean temperatures tally with it....
A slight change of
ocean temperature (
after a delay caused by the high specific heat of water, the annual mixing of thermocline waters with deeper waters in storms) ensures that rising CO2 reduces infrared absorbing H2O vapour while slightly increasing cloud cover (thus Earth's albedo), as evidenced by the fact that the NOAA
data from 1948 - 2008 shows a fall in global humidity (not the positive feedback rise presumed by NASA's models!)
These measurements first showed slight cooling of the upper
ocean, then (
after some corrections to the raw
data) slight warming, but it is still too early to say whether or not these measurements really mean anything.
Because you are fitting to look for a trend *
after * selecting the
data that looks flat, the real 95 % confidence interval of the trend in temperature (or
ocean heat content) over any of these intervals is much larger than what you are presumably calculating.
How about Jones» admitted «adjustment» of
ocean surface «
data» to align them with land surface «
data» because,
after being adjusted upwards by, among other «tricks», adjusting for UHI effect by making urban readings warmer rather than cooler, land & sea numbers were out of whack (imagine that!)
As for lying, I have observed many scientists seem to have no difficulty with lying when they connect, without a shred of evidence, supportive modeling or any
data or often even any theory such things as extreme weather is getting worse or is linked to CO2, wet areas will get wetter and dry areas will get drier, that the
ocean swallowed the «missing heat», using a proxy upside down doesn't matter, the models are still adequate for policy even
after such a huge divergence from reality, coral die - back is due to manmade warming rather than fishing, all warming must be bad rather than beyond a certain threshold, etc, etc, etc..
For a few years they held their ground, for it turned out that Emiliani's
data on oxygen isotopes taken up in plankton shells did not directly measure
ocean temperatures
after all.
As for
ocean heat content, Argo hasn't been in the water long enough to show a clear signal, and there have been problems with the
data, including a significant correction (you do recall the correction to the UAH satellite record
after years of insistence that their
data showed the surface temp record trends were completely wrong?).
Before, during and
after stimulating this plankton bloom, our research ship and two Autonomous Underwater Vehicles known as Slocum gliders collected detailed mesoscale
data of the
ocean ecosystem so that scientific conclusions could be made on the merits of this endeavour.
But
after 1945 a good share of
data came from UK ships, which dipped a bucket in the
ocean; the water in the bucket cooled as it was hauled aboard, Thompson et al. (2008).
This week,
after reviewing his own new
data, NASA climate scientist Jay Zwally said: «At this rate, the Arctic
Ocean could be nearly ice - free at the end of summer by 2012, much faster than previous predictions.»
In an article from November 5, 2008, Josh Willis states that the world
ocean actually has been warming since 2003
after removing Argo measurement errors from the
data and adjusting the measured temperatures with a computer model his team developed.
However,
after the gabs the UAH land and
ocean data these
data unite again and thus despite the temporary deviations, they still seem to produce a common trend.
The sharp cooling in SST around 1903/4 in Figures 2.5 and 2.6, seen in the land as well as the two
ocean surface
data sets, was discussed for the North Atlantic and Indian
Oceans by Helland - Hansen and Nansen (1920) not long
after the event.