Sentences with phrase «ocean fertilization in»

The IPCC is expected to strongly dismiss geo - engineering schemes and ocean fertilization in particular in the Working group III report on mitigation this week.

Not exact matches

During her half - hour of interaction with the class, McNutt said, students asked questions ranging from the feasibility of the OTEC, or Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion — a strategy for harvesting energy from the oceans — to whether deforestation in Africa «might actually have a silver lining if it leads to ocean iron fertilization.&rOcean Thermal Energy Conversion — a strategy for harvesting energy from the oceans — to whether deforestation in Africa «might actually have a silver lining if it leads to ocean iron fertilization.&rocean iron fertilization.»

Oceanographers have long recognized that iron fertilization in the Southern Ocean will drive phytoplankton blooms.

Scientists previously thought that iron fertilization could work in all iron - deficient ocean stretches: the subarctic North Pacific Ocean, the equatorial Pacific and the Antarctic Oocean stretches: the subarctic North Pacific Ocean, the equatorial Pacific and the Antarctic OOcean, the equatorial Pacific and the Antarctic OceanOcean.

Researchers worldwide have conducted 13 major iron - fertilization experiments in the open ocean since 1990.

In that project, US entrepreneur Russ George convinced a Haida Nation village to pursue iron fertilization to boost salmon populations, with the potential to sell carbon credits based on the amount of CO2 that would be sequestered in the oceaIn that project, US entrepreneur Russ George convinced a Haida Nation village to pursue iron fertilization to boost salmon populations, with the potential to sell carbon credits based on the amount of CO2 that would be sequestered in the oceain the ocean.

Ocean iron fertilization: Moving forward in a sea of uncertainty.

So, Smetacek argues, «Iron fertilization experiments carried out in the open ocean are the best way to find out how the ocean functions.»

Possible mechanisms include (iv) fertilization of phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean by increased deposition of iron - containing dust from the atmosphere after being carried by winds from colder, drier continental areas, and a subsequent redistribution of limiting nutrients; (v) an increase in the whole ocean nutrient content (e.g., through input of material exposed on shelves or nitrogen fixation); and (vi) an increase in the ratio between carbon and other nutrients assimilated in organic material, resulting in a higher carbon export per unit of limiting nutrient expoOcean by increased deposition of iron - containing dust from the atmosphere after being carried by winds from colder, drier continental areas, and a subsequent redistribution of limiting nutrients; (v) an increase in the whole ocean nutrient content (e.g., through input of material exposed on shelves or nitrogen fixation); and (vi) an increase in the ratio between carbon and other nutrients assimilated in organic material, resulting in a higher carbon export per unit of limiting nutrient expoocean nutrient content (e.g., through input of material exposed on shelves or nitrogen fixation); and (vi) an increase in the ratio between carbon and other nutrients assimilated in organic material, resulting in a higher carbon export per unit of limiting nutrient exported.

Geoengineering proposals fall into at least three broad categories: 1) managing atmospheric greenhouse gases (e.g., ocean fertilization and atmospheric carbon capture and sequestration), 2) cooling the Earth by reflecting sunlight (e.g., putting reflective particles into the atmosphere, putting mirrors in space to reflect the sun's energy, increasing surface reflectivity and altering the amount or characteristics of clouds), and 3) moderating specific impacts of global warming (e.g., efforts to limit sea level rise by increasing land storage of water, protecting ice sheets or artificially enhancing mountain glaciers).

I worked for one of the people who got the ocean fertilization scheme going in the first place, and who was until recently Planktos» CEO.

Fe fertilization on a large scale could result in depletion of other resources in the ocean and alter the ecosystem.

I reported on a study last November that discredits the notion of ocean fertilization — it was by Michael Lutz et al published in the Journal of Geophysical research.

Ocean fertilization is one strategy scientists are mulling to blunt the unrelenting growth in carbon dioxide emissions from smokestacks, tailpipes and deforestation.

Issues relating to the magnitude of the fertilization effect and the partitioning between land and ocean uptake were identifi ed in individual models, but it is only under increasing CO2 in the future (see Chapter 10) that the differences become large.

Note 1: the NAS study includes ocean iron fertilization, which I haven't included in the above graphic because «previous studies nearly all agree that deploying ocean iron fertilization at climatically relevant levels poses risks that outweigh potential benefits.»

Examples of papers confirming that fertilization of the oceans by iron could have played a role in ice ages: Moore et al. (2000); Kohfeld et al. (2005); Abelmann et al. (2006); Martínez - Garcia et al. (2011).

Though there are countless anthropogenic causes, various forms of geoengineering (solar radiation management, marine layer albedo enhancement, ocean fertilization, etc.) are a major part of the equation in regard to causal factors.

However, an «inconvenient truth» for proponents of ocean iron fertilization is that stimulation of phytoplankton blooms is only the first step in any successful ocean fertilization effort.

As researchers concluded in a new study published in Geophysical Research Letters, ocean iron fertilization can only prove successful as a climate geoengineering approach if, in addition to phytoplankton bloom stimulation, «a proportion of the particulate organic carbon (POC) produced must sink down the water column and reach the main thermocline or deeper before being remineralized... and the third phase is long - term sequestration of the carbon at depth out of contact with the atmosphere.»

This report provides a synthesis and analysis of the impacts of ocean fertilization on marine biodiversity, and considers the possible impacts of geoengineering techniques on biodiversity and associated social, economic and cultural considerations, and on gaps in the regulatory mechanisms for climate - related geoengineering relevant to the CBD.

The total rate of biological export production in the ocean is probably of the order of 15 Gton C / year, and the fertilization enhancement could be at most maybe 1 Gton C / year.

In addition to this excellent RC article, there is another good review of this issue by Chisholm, Falkowski and Cullen (Sci 2001) available in pdf form: Dis - Crediting Ocean Fertilization, Sci 200In addition to this excellent RC article, there is another good review of this issue by Chisholm, Falkowski and Cullen (Sci 2001) available in pdf form: Dis - Crediting Ocean Fertilization, Sci 200in pdf form: Dis - Crediting Ocean Fertilization, Sci 2001.

There have been iron fertilization experiments of the ocean before, many of them, in the equatorial Pacific, the Southern Ocean, and the North Pacocean before, many of them, in the equatorial Pacific, the Southern Ocean, and the North PacOcean, and the North Pacific.

Blain, S. Effect of natural iron fertilization on carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean.

Modelers have long ago concluded that iron fertilization of the ocean can play only a small role in managing the carbon cycle in the coming century.

But the change in carbon chemistry of the ocean and ultimately the atmosphere need to be transparently documented, also, if we are to trade carbon offsets based on iron fertilization.

Ocean fertilization works by manipulating natural ecosystems on a grand scale, so rather than protecting these ecosystems we are disturbing them in yet another way.

EFFECT OF NATURAL IRON FERTILIZATION ON CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN Nature, Vol 446 26 April 2007 doi: 10.1038 / nature05700 The efficiency of fertilization, defined as the ratio of the carbon export to the amount of iron supplied, was at least ten times higher than previous estimates from short - term blooms induced by iron - addition experiments.

Sequestering carbon in these parts of the global ocean via iron fertilization «would require significant ecosystem change,» Trull's paper said.

Anchored in notions of place and identity, the HSRC marks a novel entry point into social research on geoengineering, which enables a more situated engagement with ocean fertilization, in keeping with geographical traditions.

The study said the giant icebergs had an outsized impact in promoting ocean fertilization when compared with small icebergs.

In one on - line discussion, Oklahoma State University botanist William Henley wrote that «large - scale ocean fertilization is a classic example of the traditionally favored «end of the pipe» approach to environmental problems, as opposed to eliminating the source of the problem.»

In that project, US entrepreneur Russ George convinced a Haida Nation village to pursue iron fertilization to boost salmon populations, with the potential to sell carbon credits based on the amount of CO2 that would be sequestered in the oceaIn that project, US entrepreneur Russ George convinced a Haida Nation village to pursue iron fertilization to boost salmon populations, with the potential to sell carbon credits based on the amount of CO2 that would be sequestered in the oceain the ocean.

Researchers worldwide have conducted 13 major iron - fertilization experiments in the open ocean since 1990.

In 2008, the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity put in place a moratorium on all ocean - fertilization projects apart from small ones in coastal waterIn 2008, the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity put in place a moratorium on all ocean - fertilization projects apart from small ones in coastal waterin place a moratorium on all ocean - fertilization projects apart from small ones in coastal waterin coastal waters.

The 2012 iron fertilization generated an algae bloom that fed salmon at the right time to boost the salmon population * the salmon bloom died in days and then fell to the bottom of the ocean taking large amounts of CO2 with them

After that come a bunch of ocean fertilization schemes, using phosphorous, nitrogen and iron, all of which offer something in the region of 0.1 - 0.2 W / m ².

Research performed at Stanford and Oregon State Universities suggests that ocean fertilization may not be an effective method of reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, a major contributor to global warming.

Following the SOFeX iron - fertilization experiment in the Southern Ocean, deep - diving Carbon Explorer floats continuously collected data for over a year, straight through the Antarctic winter.

However, according to Professor Rosemary Rayfuse, an expert in International Law and the Law of the Sea at the University of New South Wales, Australia, who also attended the Woods Hole meeting, ocean fertilization projects are not currently approved under any carbon credit regulatory scheme and the sale of offsets or credits from ocean fertilization on the unregulated voluntary markets is basically nothing short of fraudulent.

Shown are (A) dust radiative forcing (RF) anomaly relative to preindustrial and (B) iron fertilization parameter (IF) for ocean new production in the DCESS model (41) high - latitude zone.

This is how the model deals with iron fertilization strength in the Southern Ocean (SO; see Dust Radiative and Iron Fertilizatifertilization strength in the Southern Ocean (SO; see Dust Radiative and Iron FertilizationFertilization Forcings).

(1) globally, photosynthetic activity (fixation of biomass) on both the land and oceans is demonstrably on the increase as a consequence of both the so - called CO2 fertilization effect AND the vastly increased anthropogenic N & P nutrient input to the continental shelves; and this in turn is

Referring to the CO2 fertilization effect when it happens in the ocean as OA generates confusion and misguides the proper understanding of the drivers.

Far riskier is intentional acceleration of carbon dioxide removal by enhancing the biological uptake in the ocean through iron fertilization.

Therefore it's my opinion that the not - so - extreme decline from April to July 2010, coupled with the higher - than - usual April value, coupled with the changes (both trend and fluctuation) in both the size of and the timing of the annual cycle, are such that there's insufficient evidence to conclude that the Eyjafjallajökull eruption caused a noticeable change in atmospheric CO2, whether by emissions from the eruption, the lack of emissions from air traffic, or iron fertilization of the oceans.

While controlled iron fertilization experiments have shown an increase in phytoplankton growth, and a temporary increase in drawdown of atmospheric CO2, it is uncertain whether this would increase carbon transfer into the deep ocean over the longer - term.

Research performed at Stanford and Oregon State Universities, published in the Journal of Geophysical Research, suggests that ocean fertilization may not be an effective method of reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, a major contributor to global warming.

Like other plants, plankton uses the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide for photosynthesis; thus, theoretically, fertilization could have caused the ocean to take larger amounts of CO2 from the air, and entomb it in the ocean.