Sentences with phrase «ocean flows surface»

Turbulent deep ocean flows surface and set up wind and current responses that again extend the cold tongue and piles warm surface water up against Australia and Indonesia.

Not exact matches

For a rope cloud to form, the leading edge of the cold air mass must be advancing straight and steady, which can happen only if it is flowing over a smooth, flat surface like the ocean.

The simulations suggest that over decades, these warming events dramatically perturb the ocean surface, affecting the flow of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a system of currents that acts like a conveyor belt moving water around the planet.

The floating platforms of ice that ring the coast are thinning, glaciers are surging toward the sea, meltwater is flowing across the surface, fast - growing moss is turning the once shimmering landscape green and a massive iceberg the size of Delaware broke off into the ocean in July of 2017.

Today, cold water sinks near the Arctic and flows deep below the surface of the Atlantic toward the southern oceans, where it rises up.

Their vertical flow plays a role in the ocean ecosystem by lifting nutrients to the surface.

The major influences on ocean chemistry today are hydrothermal flow (hot water that has circulated through the crust) and surface weathering (the river transport of material eroded from land into the ocean).

In today's ocean, nutrients are brought up to the surface around Antarctica but then move north and eventually flow into the low latitudes, supporting the plankton and fish populations there, Moore said.

The researchers developed a novel approach to the issue by using climate data from the IPCC and directly modeling all of the components that cause flooding at the coast including, waves, tides, winds blowing over the surface of the ocean and estuaries, precipitation, and stream flow.

Oceanographers commonly calculate large scale surface ocean circulation from satellite sea level information using a concept called «geostrophy,» which describes the relationship between oceanic surface flows and sea level gradient.

Salinity of the surface waters can be influenced by the amount of river water flowing into the oceans, yet no computer models of ancient ocean circulation had included this variable.

Scientists working off the California coast use chemical - sniffing probes, robotically driven subs, and seafloor - tethered temperature sensors to watch flows of lava pave over a once - thriving ecosystem at hydrothermal vents several kilometers below the ocean's surface.

A low - altitude flow of warm, moist air from an ocean area combined with a flow of cold, dry polar air high up creates maximum instability, which means that parcels of air heated near the surface rise rapidly, creating powerful updrafts.

If this scenario is accurate, Earth may today hold half as much water in its depths as is currently flowing in oceans on the surface, Panero said — an amount that would approximately equal the volume of the Pacific Ocean.

The environment on Titan, Saturn's largest moon, may seem surprisingly familiar: Clouds condense and rain down on the surface, feeding rivers that flow into oceans and lakes.

The higher sea level near the western ocean boundary creates a west - east pressure difference in the ocean, that results in the equatorial undercurrent flowing from west to east below the surface.

The jaw - dropping animation visualizes the flow of surface ocean currents around the world.

While ECCO2 provides data on the ocean flows at all depths, only surface flows have been visualized.

They calculate changes in heat flows, moisture changes, and other factors in three - dimensional grid boxes — and do so in Earth's atmosphere, at its surface, and beneath the surface of the oceans — with grid boxes interacting with their neighbors.

Once heated, the ocean surface becomes warmer than the atmosphere above, and because of this heat flows from the warm ocean to the cool atmosphere above.

The rate of flow of heat out of the ocean is determined by the temperature gradient in the «cool skin layer», which resides within the thin viscous surface layer of ocean that is in contact with the atmosphere.

In today's ocean, warm, salty surface water from the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the equatorial Atlantic flows northward in the Gulf Stream.

One year without a net loss also doesn't buck the long - term trend of Greenland losing ice, both from surface melt and from ocean waters eating away at glaciers that flow out to sea.

Scientists think that, in the past, water may have flowed across the surface in rivers and streams, and that vast oceans covered the planet.

The Web GIS tutorial video and the teacher guide also models data exploration and analysis techniques for using the elevation - profile tool to discover that ocean bathymetry is related to both surface heat flow and the age of the ocean floor.

COM has designed a tour that provides exhilarating views of surface level lava entering the ocean and getting as close as safely possible to active lava flows (volcano depending).

An exhibition of fifty paintings that trace the country's maritime and seaside history, Reflections on Water in American Painting, pays homage to America's oceans, rivers, lakes, and harbors along with the ships that navigated them, the cities that depended on their steady flow, and the artists who found inspiration in the water's dynamic colors and surfaces.

The problem with the paleoclimate ice sheet models is that they do not generally contain the physics of ice streams, effects of surface melt descending through crevasses and lubricating basal flow, or realistic interactions with the ocean.

After all, if average surface temperature is 15 C, wouldn't you expect land and ocean below the surface to equilibrate at roughly that temperature (with a slightly rising gradient to account for the flow of Earth's internal heat)?

Stratification will reduce the return flow of both carbon and nutrients from the deep oceans to the surface.

So, if each underwater artic volcano emitted 1 km3 a week (a rather large average flow) and did it for a year (about 52 weeks) you would need about 620 very active and extremely powerful volcanoes in order to warm the artic ocean by just 1 C (and that ignores surface cooling, in / out water flows and time rates that would require even more volcanoes.)

The state of the Earth System (a single system at the planetary level) also involves the oceans, the atmosphere, the cryosphere and very important processes like the surface energy balance and the flows and transformation of elements.

If the DLR decreases, the temperature gradient between the surface skin and bulk increases, and more heat flows from the ocean depths to the surface where it is radiated away.

eadler2 January 10, 2015 at 5:54 pm ... When ocean surface temperatures cool, due to a La Nina, the warmer surface water is mixed deeper into the ocean and cooler ocean water flows along the surface of the Pacific.

When ocean surface temperatures cool, due to a La Nina, the warmer surface water is mixed deeper into the ocean and cooler ocean water flows along the surface of the Pacific.

As you say, the net flow of energy is always between a warmer ocean surface and a colder atmosphere.

Such a change will accelerate the flow of heat energy from the ocean surface to the atmosphere and offset any warming of the «skin» from any extra CO2 caused by humans.

With melt - water lubricating the surface between the glaciers and the rocks on which they rested, ice flows were accelerating, flowing into the ocean at a pace of 2 meters an hour.

In the case of oceans the energy does penetrate the surface layers and is often carried away for eventual release elsewhere and at another time, depending on the ocean currents and other internal oceanic mechanisms such as the flow of the Thermohaline Circulation with a period of more than 800 years for a full circuit.

In the real world the most obvious and most common reason for an increase in the speed of energy flow through the system occurs naturally when the oceans are in warm surface mode and solar input to the oceans due to reduced global albedo is high as apparently occurred during the period 1975 to 1998.

I should have said surface temperature, but as the oceans approach an equilibrium temperature the rate of flow decreases.

Ice shelves are thick, floating platforms of ice formed when glaciers flow from the land onto the ocean surface.

13 Gyres Vertical columns or mounds of water at the surface and flow around them Produce enormous circular currents Five major locations: North Pacific - clockwise South Pacific - counterclockwise Indian Ocean - counterclockwise South Atlantic - counterclockwise North Atlantic - clockwise

Normally the current, that flows in a column from the water surface to the ocean bottom, curves back eastwards from Cape Agulhas into the Indian Oocean bottom, curves back eastwards from Cape Agulhas into the Indian OceanOcean.

12 A current is a large stream of water that flows through the ocean Currents A current is a large stream of water that flows through the ocean Two types of currents Surface Currents Deep Currents

Natural variability might modulate the flow of energy between parts of the system, such as from ocean to atmosphere, but the «pace of climate warming», as in the general gain in energy (or loss of energy) of the entire climate system, can only be dictated by some external forcing, such as somthing that changes the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface, volcanoes, or changes in GH gas concentrations.

Usually, surface melt and ice flow (as glaciers calve into the sea) are the two ways in which Greenland (and other places, like Canada) contribute water to the ocean.

After rising to the surface in the Pacific, the surface waters flow through the many passages between the Indonesian islands into the Indian Ocean.

El Ni o an irregular variation of ocean current that, from January to February, flows off the west coast of South America, carrying warm, low - salinity, nutrient - poor water to the south; does not usually extend farther than a few degrees south of the Equator, but occasionally it does penetrate beyond 12 S, displacing the relatively cold Peruvian current; usually short - lived effects, but sometimes last more than a year, raising sea - surface temperatures along the coast of Peru and in the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean, having disastrous effects on marine life and fiocean current that, from January to February, flows off the west coast of South America, carrying warm, low - salinity, nutrient - poor water to the south; does not usually extend farther than a few degrees south of the Equator, but occasionally it does penetrate beyond 12 S, displacing the relatively cold Peruvian current; usually short - lived effects, but sometimes last more than a year, raising sea - surface temperatures along the coast of Peru and in the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean, having disastrous effects on marine life and fiOcean, having disastrous effects on marine life and fishing

Glaciologists analyzed ice flow to the ocean from 1991 to 2015 in the Queen Elizabeth Islands, and found that surface melt grew by a whopping 900 percent, or 10 times, in the 10 years between 2005 and 2015, increasing to 30 gigatons per year by the end of that time.