For years, scientists have warned that the world's oceans are becoming a plastic soup, with
ocean gyres where plastic and other debris build up (also known as «garbage patches») covering a quarter of the earth's surface.
As may be expected from the positions of ocean currents, most mixing in the upper layers of the ocean takes place on the western boundaries of
ocean gyres where the current speeds are greatest.
Not exact matches
In 2010 she hitchhiked across the Pacific
Ocean on freighter ships to the United States,
where she worked with the 5
Gyres Institute in California on the first ever comprehensive study of plastic in the world's
oceans.
If you trawl a fine mesh net through any of the globe's five subtropical
gyres — giant
ocean vortexes
where currents converge and swirl unhurriedly — you will haul on deck a muddle of brown planktonic goop, the occasional fish, squid or Portuguese man - of - war — and, almost certainly, a generous sprinkling of colourful plastic particles, each no larger than your fingernail.
Researchers at the Algalita Marine Research Foundation documented an increase in plastic debris in the Central Pacific
Gyre five-fold between 1997 and 2007,
where the baseline in 1997 showed plastic pieces outnumbered plankton on the
ocean surface 6:1.4 Photo courtesy NOAA.
Each year enough is thrown away to circle the earth 4 times, with some 10 - 20 million tons reaching the
ocean where it harms sea life, kills birds and contributes to the famous plastic
gyre.
Where the poleward & equatorward currents of this intensified circulation converge — the centre of the
gyres — surface water is pumped downwards into the
ocean interior in a process known as Ekman pumping.
In an email chat, Yair Rosenthal of Rutgers University and Braddock Linsley of Columbia University, whose related work was explored here in 2013, said the Argo analysis appeared to support their view that giant subtropical
gyres are the place
where heat carried on currents from the tropics descends into the deeper
ocean.
The 5
Gyres Institute, a leading research organization focusing on plastic pollution in the world's
oceans, recently discovered microbeads on a research expedition in the Great Lakes,
where they found as many as 466,000 microplastics per square kilometer.
It's a region of the North Pacific
ocean where the northern jet stream and the southern trade winds, moving opposite directions, create a vast, gently circling region of water called the North Pacific
Gyre — and at its center, there are tons of plastic garbage.
Most of the deep
ocean warming is occurring in the subtropical
ocean gyres - vast rotating masses of water in each
ocean basin
where near - surface currents converge and are forced downward into the
ocean interior.
This is
where the majority of deep
ocean warming is occurring in the last decade or so - in the subtropical
gyres.
Some of the warm water would be subducted by Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation / Thermohaline Circulation, some would be carried by
ocean currents into the Arctic Ocean where it would melt sea ice, and the remainder would be spun southward by the North Atlantic gyre toward the tropics so it could be warmed more by the effects of the slower - than - normal trade w
ocean currents into the Arctic
Ocean where it would melt sea ice, and the remainder would be spun southward by the North Atlantic gyre toward the tropics so it could be warmed more by the effects of the slower - than - normal trade w
Ocean where it would melt sea ice, and the remainder would be spun southward by the North Atlantic
gyre toward the tropics so it could be warmed more by the effects of the slower - than - normal trade winds.
On the other hand, during the negative phase of the AO (Arctic Oscillation), water motion in the Arctic
Ocean is anticyclonic and the Beaufort
gyre is strengthened, so that ice is retained and thickened both in the Canada Basin and along the Siberian coastline,
where it may survive summer melting.
Growing
where the currents of the
ocean meet in a spinning swirl, the Pacific
Gyre Garbage Patch is a soup of trash that has floated from all corners of the globe.