Alternatively, it may be the result of increased
ocean heat transports due to either an enhanced thermohaline circulation (Raymo et al., 1989; Rind and Chandler, 1991) or increased flow of surface ocean currents due to greater wind stresses (Ravelo et al., 1997; Haywood et al., 2000), or associated with the reduced extent of land and sea ice (Jansen et al., 2000; Knies et al., 2002; Haywood et al., 2005).
Not exact matches
Where the
heat is actually stored is another matter... the Southern
Ocean, for instance, appear to be taking up far more
heat than is being stored there
due to equatorward
transport.
Changes of the second kind are
due to changes in
heat transport in the atmosphere or
ocean, and these can occur very fast and cause large regional change.
To some extent, this is again
due to the factors mentioned above, but additionally, the models predict that the North Atlantic as a whole will not warm as fast as the rest of globe (
due to both the deep mixed layers in this region which have a large thermal inertia and a mild slowdown in the
ocean heat transports).
A climate model - based study, Meehl (2011), predicted that this was largely
due to anomalous
heat removed from the surface
ocean and instead
transported down into the deep
ocean.
Suppose that there has been a multi-century increase in the poleward
heat transport in the
oceans due to internal variability, which warms the poles, reduces ice extent and albedos, and thereby warms the planet.
Where the
heat is actually stored is another matter... the Southern
Ocean, for instance, appear to be taking up far more
heat than is being stored there
due to equatorward
transport.
Thermal expansion would continue for many centuries,
due to the time required to
transport heat into the deep
ocean.
That one was little - noticed by the world's media, but now its findings may receive more attention, as an independent study by NCAR, published yesterday in Nature Climate Change, has investigated the same subject and reaches a confirming conclusion: in recent years atmospheric warming has been delayed
due to increased
heat transport to the deeper
ocean.
increased CO -LCB- sub 2 -RCB- by using
ocean models that include realistic processes such as horizontal
heat transport, vertical mixing
due to convection and small - scale processes, and upwelling along coastal regions and the equator.
Sea ice is lost
due to increasing
ocean heat transport into the arctic and the resulting loss of ice causes the atmosphere to warm.
Dessler (2011) used observational data (such as surface temperature measurements and ARGO
ocean temperature) to estimate and corroborate these values, and found that the
heating of the climate system through
ocean heat transport was 20 times larger than TOA energy flux changes
due to cloud cover over the period in question.
It has been noted in a five - member multi-model ensemble analysis that, associated with the changes in temperature of the upper
ocean in Figure 10.7, the tropical Pacific Ocean heat transport remains nearly constant with increasing greenhouse gases due to the compensation of the subtropical cells and the horizontal gyre variations, even as the subtropical cells change in response to changes in the trade winds (Hazeleger, 2
ocean in Figure 10.7, the tropical Pacific
Ocean heat transport remains nearly constant with increasing greenhouse gases due to the compensation of the subtropical cells and the horizontal gyre variations, even as the subtropical cells change in response to changes in the trade winds (Hazeleger, 2
Ocean heat transport remains nearly constant with increasing greenhouse gases
due to the compensation of the subtropical cells and the horizontal gyre variations, even as the subtropical cells change in response to changes in the trade winds (Hazeleger, 2005).
My point is that reduction in Arctic / Antarctic ice uses almost no «global»
heat, while raising sea - levels orders of magnitude (~ 120 times) more than thermal expansion
due to
heat transported into the deep
ocean.
The basic results of this climate model analysis are that: (1) it is increase in atmospheric CO2 (and the other minor non-condensing greenhouse gases) that control the greenhouse warming of the climate system; (2) water vapor and clouds are feedback effects that magnify the strength of the greenhouse effect
due to the non-condensing greenhouse gases by about a factor of three; (3) the large
heat capacity of the
ocean and the rate of
heat transport into the
ocean sets the time scale for the climate system to approach energy balance equilibrium.
Variations in SST
due to variations in
heat transport by
ocean currents or diffusion into the thermocline are neglected while contributions by changes in evaporation, turbulent transfer, and surface radiation are estimated as being proportional to the anomalous air - sea temperature difference.