Thus, there seem to be a lot of assumptions about
ocean heat uptake which lead to the unsupported conclusion that there is «rapid equilibration of the climate system to applied forcings».
It is becoming apparent that the rate of surface warming is being modulated by the rate of
ocean heat uptake which it substantially influenced by variability in the Trades.
Not exact matches
They got 10 pages in Science,
which is a lot, but in it they cover radiation balance, 1D and 3D modelling, climate sensitivity, the main feedbacks (water vapour, lapse rate, clouds, ice - and vegetation albedo); solar and volcanic forcing; the uncertainties of aerosol forcings; and
ocean heat uptake.
If we knew
ocean heat uptake as well as we know atmospheric temperature change, then we could pin down fairly well the radiative imbalance at the top of the atmosphere,
which would give us a fair indication of how much warming is «in the pipeline» given current greenhouse gas concentrations.
Here we quantify the effects of key parametric uncertainties and observational constraints on thermosteric SLR projections using an Earth system model with a dynamic three - dimensional
ocean,
which provides a mechanistic representation of deep
ocean processes and
heat uptake.
The key points of the paper are that: i) model simulations with 20th century forcings are able to match the surface air temperature record, ii) they also match the measured changes of
ocean heat content over the last decade, iii) the implied planetary imbalance (the amount of excess energy the Earth is currently absorbing)
which is roughly equal to the
ocean heat uptake, is significant and growing, and iv) this implies both that there is significant
heating «in the pipeline», and that there is an important lag in the climate's full response to changes in the forcing.
Using TOA radiative imbalances instead of
ocean heat uptake (
which can not be directly observed with sufficient precision) would be pointless.
They got 10 pages in Science,
which is a lot, but in it they cover radiation balance, 1D and 3D modelling, climate sensitivity, the main feedbacks (water vapour, lapse rate, clouds, ice - and vegetation albedo); solar and volcanic forcing; the uncertainties of aerosol forcings; and
ocean heat uptake.
use of
ocean heat uptake —
which amounts to only ~ 86 % of total
heat uptake — as a measure of total
heat uptake despite the observational studies Marvel et al. critique using estimates that included non-
ocean heat uptake;
The tropical volcanoes would have the largest impact on
Ocean Heat Uptake and tropical ocean SST which takes 5 to 10 years to work its way through the climate sy
Ocean Heat Uptake and tropical
ocean SST which takes 5 to 10 years to work its way through the climate sy
ocean SST
which takes 5 to 10 years to work its way through the climate system.
He's rejected «2) accurate
ocean heat uptake records in recent years» without
which Nic Lewis's result can not be reached.
Vast and slow to change temperature, the
oceans have a huge capacity to sequester
heat, especially the deep
ocean,
which is playing an increasingly large
uptake and storage role.
Along those lines, Watanabe et al. (2013) showed that
ocean heat uptake has become more efficient over the past decade,
which is consistent with the observations of Balmaseda et al. (2013), who found an unprecedented transfer of
heat to the deep
oceans over the past decade, consistent with the modeling in Meehl et al (2013).
When the turnover slows down, the usual
heat uptake by the
ocean resumes,
which is only a bit less.
No, the model result is only used to estimate
ocean heat uptake in the base period,
which is before observational data was available.
I tell you what I would do for temperature,
which is to analyze the
heat equation and evaluate how much the
ocean would
uptake assuming there is an uncertainty in the effective diffusivity and a smearing of the stimulating thermal interface.
The extent of the adjustment depends on the ratio of TCR to ECS,
which in turn is a function of the rate of
ocean heat uptake as well as other variables.
The point to be made regarding that paper is similar to the one I made above: there is evidence that internal variability (to the extent it can be equated with the AMO) has affected the rate at
which anthropogenic forcing has warmed the surface, but most of the warming must have been forced, with the observed positive
ocean heat uptake data excluding more than a very minor role for internal variability in the warming itself with very high confidence.
Basically, TCR depends on how the temperature responds to the strength of feedbacks (a determinant of climate sensitivity) and the rate at
which this occurs as a function of
ocean heat uptake.
Douglass completely ignored the
ocean heat uptake,
which is a huge red flag.
You write, in reference to it: «his choice of
ocean heat uptake is based on taking a short term trend over a period in
which the observed warming is markedly lower than the longer - term multidecadal value.»
There is a fractional value, f, that elates the land to sea surface temperature and
which corresponds to the
ocean heat uptake, i.e. lower values means that more
heat is being sunk by the
ocean.
When applying this statistical correction, Watanabe et al. found an enhanced overall
ocean heat uptake,
which suggests that the slowed surface warming can be explained by internal variability transferring more
heat to the deep
oceans, consistent with previous research.
Rather, it is likely that surface warming gradually stabilizes
ocean stratification, thus reducing deep - water production at high latitudes,
which acts to weaken advective
heat uptake by meridional overturning circulation [cf. Meehl et al., 2011; 2013].»
E.g., given that the net radiative balance at the top of the atmosphere remains negative,
which certainly indicates continued warming, Trenberth's studies suggest deep
ocean uptake of most of the recent
heating.
Ocean temperature must be measured regularly around the world from the ocean surface to the ocean floor to reduce uncertainty in ocean heat uptake, which accounts for over 90 % of global war
Ocean temperature must be measured regularly around the world from the
ocean surface to the ocean floor to reduce uncertainty in ocean heat uptake, which accounts for over 90 % of global war
ocean surface to the
ocean floor to reduce uncertainty in ocean heat uptake, which accounts for over 90 % of global war
ocean floor to reduce uncertainty in
ocean heat uptake, which accounts for over 90 % of global war
ocean heat uptake,
which accounts for over 90 % of global warming.
Warming in the pipeline very largely reflects
ocean heat uptake,
which reduces the extent to
which surface temperatures need to rise in order to counteract increased forcing from CO2 etc..
Nic Lewis and Judith Curry have a new paper that's just been published, The impact of recent forcing and
ocean heat uptake data on estimates of climate sensitivity It's in the AMS Journal of Climate,
which is quite highly regarded, so well done them.
Interestingly, there's a recent paper out
which suggests that
ocean heat uptake due to tropical cyclone upper
ocean mixing has been significantly overestimated in the past, so it'll be interesting to see how this develops in the community.
During ENSO there is a major
uptake of
heat by the
ocean during the La Niña phase and the
heat is moved around and stored in the
ocean in the tropical western Pacific, setting the stage for the next El Niño, as
which point it is redistributed across the tropical Pacific.