At the time, we (correctly) pointed out that this result was going to be hard to reconcile with continued increases in sea level rise (driven in large part by thermal expansion effects), and that there may still be issues with way that the new ARGO floats were being incorporated into
the ocean measurement network.
Not exact matches
Coastal physical oceanography, subtidal circulation,
ocean observing systems, real - time surface buoy design, towable buoy designs, autonomous vehicles, surface current
measurements with HF RADAR, Doppler technology, oceanographic applications of artificial neural
networks.
The DKRZ long - term archive WDCC (World Data Center for Climate) has assigned its 1000th DataCite DOI to the experiment OceanRAIN - M of the project «
Ocean Rainfall And Ice - phase precipitation
measurement Network».
Since around 2000, a
network of buoys called the Argo floats have been collecting more accurate global
ocean data, so more recent
measurements of the southern hemisphere are more reliable.
Aside from continuing to misunderstand that the «missing heat» is about having an inadequate global climate observational
network (mainly because we don't have good
measurements of deep
ocean heat), observational data have demonstrated that water vapor, and likely clouds, are indeed positive feedbacks.
To conduct the research, a team of scientists led by John Fasullo of the US National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, combined data from three sources: NASA's GRACE satellites, which make detailed
measurements of Earth's gravitational field, enabling scientists to monitor changes in the mass of continents; the Argo global array of 3,000 free - drifting floats, which measure the temperature and salinity of the upper layers of the
oceans; and satellite - based altimeters that are continuously calibrated against a
network of tide gauges.
This precision exceeds the Global
Ocean Acidification Observing
Network's requirements for pH
measurements.
Measurements from ground - based sun photometer
networks can be used both to provide a ground - truth validation of satellite aerosol retrieval sand to produce a land - based aerosol climatology which is complementary to satellite retrievals that currently are being performed mostly over
ocean.
Global hydrographic variability patterns during 2003 — 2008 (Schuckmann 2009) analyses
ocean temperature
measurements by the Argo
network, constructing a map of
ocean heat content down to 2000 metres (H / T to Chris for bringing it to my attention).
However, the
ocean is a very big place and the historical
measurement networks are plagued with sampling issues in space and time.
The ARGO
network has remedied the inadequacy of the
ocean measurements to some extent, but they still only measure down to 2000 metres - whereas the the global
oceans are over twice that depth on average.
Using a combination of satellite observations and direct
measurements taken by a
network of 3,000 floating Argo temperature probes, the NASA team set out to calculate temperature changes and thermal expansion in the deep
ocean (below 1.24 miles).
Worldwide
networks of buoys along with programs such as OSCAR (
Ocean Surface Currents Analysis Real - time), which calculates surface currents based on satellite
measurements, provide scientists with data on which to build and test their models.