Sentences with phrase «ocean models more»

Incorporate mesoscale eddy - resolving ocean models more fully into the toolkit used for AMOC mechanisms / prediction work, including long coupled GCM simulations, in order to address questions about the role of turbulence in controlling AMOC.

Not exact matches

In a future which will increasingly be characterized by mass migration and the shifting of political borders, the Ocean Model of Civilisation can serve as a constructive paradigm for greater global security — especially its transcultural dimension — by promoting better and more dignified treatment of human beings, tolerance of diversity and respect for differences.

«This gravity map hinting at a much larger ocean is a more favourable model for having some sort of life in Enceladus's interior.»

Based on modeling results by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which predicted that Pacific Ocean temperatures would rise by 1 degree Celsius (2 degrees Fahrenheit) over the next 50 years, a Canadian and U.S. team of scientists examined the distributional changes of 28 species of fish including salmon, herring, certain species of sharks, anchovies, sardines and more northern fish like pollock.

The plume's more southern location, Toomey said, adds fuel to his group's findings, at three different sites along the globe encircling mid-ocean ridge (where 85 percent of Earth's volcanic activity occurs), that Earth's internal convection doesn't always adhere to modeling efforts and raises new questions about how ocean plates at Earth's surface — the lithosphere — interact with the hotter, more fluid asthenosphere that sits atop the mantle.

One day, oceanographers hope Spray and other gliders will be able to roam the oceans at will, providing an almost limitless supply of data that could be used to build more sophisticated climate models and develop better weather forecasts.

Not only did these factors make the waves much more manageable to model and study in the field, but also resulted in a clearer understanding of wave dynamics that can be used to understand internal waves elsewhere in the ocean, she said.

«Both the physical ocean and the life within it are shifting much more rapidly than our models predicted for the Arctic,» Alter notes, adding that temperatures there are rising twice as fast as everywhere else on the planet.

Next, he wrote a simple aqueous geochemistry model to calculate how much of these gases would have been dissolved in shallow lakes and reservoirs — environments that would have been more conducive to concentrating life - forming reactions, versus vast oceans, where molecules could easily dissipate.

According to the study, the models project that ocean warming will be even more pronounced than suggested by coarser models under increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2.

But so far, limited ocean measurements show the AMOC to be far more capricious than the models have been able to capture.

Among the implications of the study are that ocean temperatures in this area may be more sensitive to changes in greenhouse gas levels than previously thought and that scientists should be factoring entrainment into their models for predicting future climate change.

Surprise find The team's actual mission was to survey ocean currents near the Ross Ice Shelf, a slab of ice extending more than 600 miles (970 kilometers) northward from the grounding zone of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet into the Ross Sea, to model the behavior of a drill string, a length of pipe extending to the seafloor which delivers drilling fluids and retrieves sediment samples.

According to the researchers, to better understand if Matthew's intensification was aided by the warm - water eddies and the residing barrier layer in the Caribbean Sea's upper ocean, more ambient and in - storm upper ocean observations in this basin are needed to improve forecast models for the region.

He says previous predictive models of Greenland's ice loss did not adequately take into account the faster movement of its southern glaciers, which is accelerating the amount of ice entering the ocean: «Greenland is probably going to contribute more to sea level rise, and faster than predicted by these models.»

On the other hand, statistical analysis of the past century's hurricanes and computer modeling of a warmer climate, nudged along by greenhouse gases, does indicate that rising ocean temperatures could fuel hurricanes that are more intense.

At 8.05 a.m. local time, the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics in Jakarta issued a bulletin about a hypothetical tsunami — modelled on the one that hit Sumatra on Boxing Day 2004 and claimed more than 200,000 lives — to national focal points around the Indian Ocean.

With this information, they could determine when ocean deoxygenation due to climate change is likely to become more severe than at any point in the modeled historic range.

The difference could point to a problem with the models, which attempt to account for effects such as the loss of glaciers and ice caps and the fact that a warming ocean takes up more space.

For more information on the ECCO2 ocean modeling and data synthesis project, visit: http://ecco2.jpl.nasa.gov/.

Using data from both models, Nienhuis determined the ratio of river - to - ocean wave strength for each delta, and found that those deltas with a ratio greater than or equal to 1 were more likely to have multiple river channels, with deltas that project out from the shoreline.

Climate change models predict that carbon dioxide levels and ocean acidity will more than double before the end of the century.

Regional trends are notoriously problematic for models, and seems more likely to me that the underprediction of European warming has to do with either the modeled ocean temperature pattern, the modelled atmospheric response to this pattern, or some problem related to the local hydrological cycle and boundary layer moisture dynamics.

Furthermore, basic physical understanding supports the modeled value of E being substantially greater than 1, as deep oceans clearly take longer to respond than the land surface, so the Northern Hemisphere, with most of the world's land, will respond more rapidly than the Southern Hemisphere with more ocean.

January 2004: «Directions for Climate Research» Here, ExxonMobil outlines areas where it deemed more research was necessary, such as «natural climate variability, ocean currents and heat transfer, the hydrological cycle, and the ability of climate models to predict changes on a regional and local scale.»

Methods: To understand the dynamics of the jet stream, the PNNL team started with a simple configuration of the Earth as an aquaplanet covered only by ocean, using model versions that are spatially less - detailed and more - detailed.

By comparison, other biogeochemical models divide the entire ocean into a two - dimensional grid of no more than five regions.

Furthermore, the models couple CO2 forcing to the whole mixing layer of the ocean while in reality the CO2 wavelengths barely penetrate more than a millimeter and so qualitatively are a complex surface effect.

Some models have shown that transport via ocean currents from more densely populated areas further south is highly likely.

The model predicted that more than 3,800 of those species will not grow as large in warmer, more acidic oceans.

The team would like to develop and use even more accurate models of tidal heating and TNO interiors to determine how long tidal heating can extend the lifetime of a liquid water ocean and how the orbit of a moon evolves as tidal heating dissipates energy.

They more likely indicate problems with CMIP5 models» ocean modules, than (as Marvel et al. suggest) that internal variability in recent decades was particularly unusual.

The Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling project, which involves Climate Central staff and aims to track changes underway surrounding Antarctica, has developed improved pH sensors that could operate for five years or more on autonomous diving instruments.

«Global - ocean models have fallen out of favour for Enceladus, because it is difficult to keep a global ocean from freezing, and a regional south polar ocean is now considered more likely.»

The authors note that more than 85 % of the global heat uptake (Q) has gone into the oceans, including increasing the heat content of the deeper oceans, although their model only accounts for the upper 700 meters.

If more heat is transferred to the oceans than is accounted for by the models, that «is a negative atmospheric feedback, at least on shorter time scales.»

Heat the models suggest should be staying in the atmosphere might instead be expelled more readily through the atmosphere into space, or is being more rapidly mixed into the oceans.

Get to the city of Cape Town and a lot of activities also await, Cape Town has a little bit of everything from Ratanga Junction for the little ones to the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens for adults and nature lovers, learn about the stars and their formation at the Iziko Museum Planetarium; visit the Two Oceans Aquarium, home to more than 3000 species of sea creatures; let your little ones discover their inner Jamie Oliver's at Little Cooks Club, and don't forget to check out the Warrior Toy Museum where vintage toys, such as model cars, miniature dolls, teddy bears and more are kept.

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An even more up to date way to get transports in the ocean is to use ocean models constraint by observations (so called data assimilation or ocean state estimation in several forms).

The models serve merely to quantify these basic facts more accurately, calculate the regional climate response, and compute effects (such as the expected increase in ocean heat content or sea level) which can be tested against observed data from the real world.

It is easy to make claims that the model internal variability is way off and can simultaneously lead to observed patterns (e.g., upper ocean heat content anomalies, tropospheric warming, etc) but this is not a serious criticism until there's something more that has been demonstrated.

Furthermore, ocean acidification is happening even more quickly in the Arctic, as shown in Stenacher et al. (2009, April), «Imminent ocean acidification in the Arctic projected with the NCAR global coupled carbon cycle - climate model,» http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/515/2009/bg-6-515-2009.pdf (open access):

In terms of the gold that a climate science denier might find in the paper, at the very least, they could argue that the fact that the troposphere isn't warming more quickly than the surface shows that the climate models are unreliable — even though the models predict just the pattern of warming that we see — with the troposphere warming more quickly than the surface over the ocean but less quickly than the surface over land.

This means that the heat content was «reset» to this earlier value, whereas the multi-decadal global climate model projects a more - or-less monotonic increase in ocean heat content.

But more important than agreement with computer models is the fact that four years with no warming in the upper ocean does not erase the 50 years of warming we've seen since ocean temperature measurements became widespread....

Seasonal forecasts are often made with coupled ocean - atmoaphere models (more like climate models), as opposed to atmosphere - only models for ordinary weather forecasts.

A simple diffusive ocean model would be more appropriate as has been shown by many studies of the mixing of tracers or of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the ocean.

But for journalists and others who are not climate scientists, some narrative would help, as inline text and more clarification as footnotes if needed including, cover for example: — being very clear for a graph what was being forecast (people play silly games with Hansen, confusing which was BAU)-- Perhaps showing original graph first «This is what was predicted...» in [clearly a] sidebar THEN annotated / overlayed graph with «And this is how they did...» sidebar — placing the prediction in context of the evolving data and science (e.g. we'd reached 3xx ppm and trajectory was; or «used improved ocean model»; or whatever)-- perhaps a nod to the successive IPCC reports and links to their narrative, so the historical evolution is clear, and also perhaps, how the confidence level has evolved.

Given that the answer to this for atmospheric models is a resounding «NO» (particularly because of sub-grid scale processes which need to be effectively pre-ordained through parameterizations), and given that oceanic circulations have much longer adjustment time scales, yet also have much more intense small scale (gyre) circulations than the atmosphere, my instinct is that we are not even close to being able to trust ocean models without long term validation data.