Sentences with phrase «ocean skin temperature»

These data represent ocean skin temperature (Section 3.2.2.3), not air temperature or SST, and so must be adjusted to match the latter.

Minnett & Kaiser - Weiss GHRSST 12 - Jan - 2012 has a graph of ocean skin temperature variation.

The net forcing is negative as the effective temperature of the clear and cloudy sky is less than the ocean skin temperature, and it approaches values closer to zero when the sky is cloudy.

This is very encouraging for the future application of measurements from sea - going spectral radiometers, as instruments not only for the validation of satellite - derived SST but also for studying the physics of the ocean skin temperature layer.

Not exact matches

So the mechanism should cause a decline in skin temperature gradients with increased cloud cover (more downward heat radiation), and there should also be a decline in the difference between cool skin layer and ocean bulk temperatures - as less heat escapes the ocean under increased atmospheric warming.

Increased warming of the cool skin layer (via increased greenhouse gases) lowers its temperature gradient (that is the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the layer), and this reduces the rate at which heat flows out of the ocean to the atmosphere.

Kevin, even with greater evaporation, when one considers all the energy fluxes into and out of the ocean cool skin layer, as long as the change in net energy flux causes the cool skin to warm, the temperature gradient between the cool skin layer and the bulk ocean below it will decrease.

The rate of flow of heat out of the ocean is determined by the temperature gradient in the «cool skin layer», which resides within the thin viscous surface layer of ocean that is in contact with the atmosphere.

Because of their effect on lowering the temperature gradient of the cool skin layer, increased levels of greenhouse gases lead to more heat being stored in the oceans over the long - term.

The rate of flow of heat out of the ocean is determined by the temperature gradient in the «cool skin layer»

The temperature difference between the skin and first few meters of ocean is greater.

Experimental evidence for this mechanism can be seen in at - sea measurements of the ocean skin and bulk temperatures.

Long waves (infrared) light from the sun, GHGs, clouds, are trapped at the surface of the oceans, directly leading to increased «skin» temperature, more water vapor (a very effective GHG), faster convection (with more loss of heat to space in the tropics),... How each of them converts to real regional / global temperature increases / decreases is another point of discussion...

Thus, if the absorption of the infrared emission from atmospheric greenhouse gases reduces the gradient through the skin layer, the flow of heat from the ocean beneath will be reduced, leaving more of the heat introduced into the bulk of the upper oceanic layer by the absorption of sunlight to remain there to increase water temperature.

Since the assumption in the original post seems to be that the ocean is warmer than the atmosphere, it would be nice to state this at the beginning, even before explaining skin temperatures and gradients.

There is good evidence that the answer to both these question is no: (The insensitivy of the results to methodology of selecting rural stations, the Parker et al windy days study, and the fact that data from satellite skin surface measurements, from sea surface temperatures, deep ocean temps as we as tropospheric temps are all in good agreement).

If I extend the physics regarding an earlier post by the kind folks here regrading the skin effect of the temperature inversion layer on the calm sea as preventing the transfere of the heat content of the top of the ocean back into space; If I add in the NOAA 0 Deg.

re inline comment on 24, What I noted was that the ocean skin equilibrium referenced in RC 5 Sept 06 could be influenced by variations in ocean currents and the cryosphere to affect atmospheric temperature on the scale of decades.

Aaron Lewis @ 24 — «What I noted was that the ocean skin equilibrium referenced in RC 5 Sept 06 could be influenced by variations in ocean currents and the cryosphere to affect atmospheric temperature on the scale of decades»

If the DLR decreases, the temperature gradient between the surface skin and bulk increases, and more heat flows from the ocean depths to the surface where it is radiated away.

Nice misconception you have going there but the real argument is that CO2 can lower the temperature gradient of the cool skin layer, which slows the heat loss to the atmosphere and increased levels of greenhouse gases lead to more heat being stored in the oceans over the long - term.

And this why ocean surface skin temperature is near the same temperature as the air above it.

temperature: 1,000 m depth temperature = 5C thermal conductivity of seawater 0.58 W / mK ocean - air interface = 17.000 C 1.441 mm depth temperature = 17.400 C (the warmest spot in the ocean depth though the «few metres» of depth below it is only a miniscule bit colder, all warmed by Sun SWR) this top 1.441 mm depth is the «skin» and «sub-skin» 100m depth temperature certain in range 16.090 C to 17.400 C but virtually certain > 17C because of mixing top ~ 90m temperature gradient of top 1.441 mm of ocean is 277.6 Celsius / metre By conductivity, temperature gradient pushes 161.00 w / m ** 2 up from 1.441 mm depth to ocean - air interface which precisely removes the Sun's 161 w / m ** 2 going into the top few metres depth and leads to no ocean warming.

These two mechanisms are so strongly dependent on the temperature difference between the ocean surface ant the atmosphere that the net influence on the skin temperature and on the net heat transfer between the ocean and the atmosphere is negligible.

But look at earth's oceans in terms of heat capacity, the oceans dwarf the atmosphere as atmosphere dwarf ground skin temperatures.

The warmer skin then alters the temperature profile just below the surface and reduces the normal flow of energy from ocean to air.

One effect among many is to reduce the temperature gradient within the skin layer of the ocean and hence reduce the rate of cooling of the upper mixed layer (the first few meters of which are warmed by the Sun) to the atmosphere and also, radiatively, through the atmospheric infrared window, directly to space.

It is not «conduction» but exchange of radiation; if you keep your hands parallel at a distance of some cm the right hand does not (radiatively) «warm» the left hand or vice versa albeit at 33 °C skin temperature they exchange some hundreds of W / m ² (about 500 W / m ²) The solar radiation reaching the surface (for 71 % of the surface, the oceans) is lost by evaporation (or evapotranspiration of the vegetation), plus some convection (20 W / ²) and some radiation reaching the cosmos directly through the window 8µm to 12 µm (about 20 W / m ² «global» average); only the radiative heat flow surface to air (absorbed by the air) is negligible (plus or minus); the non radiative (latent heat, sensible heat) are transferred for surface to air and compensate for a part of the heat lost to the cosmos by the upper layer of the water vapour displayed on figure 6 - C.

The analyses of SST described here all estimate the sub-surface bulk temperature, (i.e. the temperature in the first few metres of the ocean) not the skin temperature.

Since the satellite era, satellite measurements of ocean skin surface temperature have supplemented the other technologies, and continue to demonstrate the upward trends.

Answer to off topic: Without spending too much time on the post you quote, I think they are talking of temperature differences between the skin surface of the ocean, the one that enters the stephan boltzman equation, and 5cms below.

CMIP5 variable «ts «is surface temperature, stated to be SST for the open ocean and skin temperature elsewhere.

If anyone can overcome that conundrum to increase the temperature of both ocean bulk and ocean skin simultaneously from incoming DLR photons then I'd like to hear the explanation.

If we have a temperature gradient of 0.1 - 1.0 degK, energy fluxes of this magnitude can travel the last millimeter to the skin layer of the ocean by conduction alone (and escape to the atmosphere).

http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2006/09/why-greenhouse-gases-heat-the-ocean/ If you look at the data in Figure 2 of the RealClimate post (and ignore their discussion), what happens to the DIFFERENCE between the temperature of the ocean skin and water immediately below?

You're probably referring to the Minnett experiment here (but please enlighten me if you're not) and the skin layer heats up relative to the temperature of the ocean 5 cm below it, not as an absolute independent to the rest of the ocean.

Therefore AGW could be correct in that a warmer SST (skin) reduces upward energy floiw from below to increase ocean bulk temperatures.

If you look at the data in Figure 2 of the RealClimate post (and ignore their discussion), what happens to the DIFFERENCE between the temperature of the ocean skin and water immediately below?

Back radiation can only heat the ocean if the air temperature is warmer than the surface skin temperature (back radiation will contribute to the downward energy flux in all cases, but heat transfer, which is the net energy flow, always goes from hot to cold).

When temperature of the skin layer becomes higher than the temperature 5 cm below then we have the heat flow down (the daytime regime) while at night the temperature of the skin layer becomes less than that 5 cm below and the ocean loses energy to the air.

Since DLR doesn't change SKIN TEMPERATURE relative to bulk temperature, extra DLR is not lost by radiation and evaporation — it indirectly warms the bulk ofTEMPERATURE relative to bulk temperature, extra DLR is not lost by radiation and evaporation — it indirectly warms the bulk oftemperature, extra DLR is not lost by radiation and evaporation — it indirectly warms the bulk of the ocean.

At present we only have evidence of SKIN and ocean BULK temperatures.

And as long as the temperature of the ocean skin layer is higher than that of the air layer, the net heat flow will go from the ocean skin layer in the direction to the air layer.

The emissivity and absorptivity of the ocean are set to 1, there are no ocean currents, the atmosphere doesn't heat up and cool down with the ocean surface, the solar radiation value doesn't change through the year, the top layer was 5 mm not 1μm, the cooler skin layer was not modeled, a number of isothermal layers is unphysical compared with the real ocean of continuously varying temperatures..

This cooling effect is by measurement enormously more important to ocean temperature (skin or otherwise) than any IR effect.

i) The temperature effect of more DLR is from the ocean skin upwards and does not involve an increase in the temperature of the ocean bulk.

They have only measured the temperature of the skin layer and a point 5 cm down in the ocean bulk.

As many climate scientists note in their papers, the relevant sea surface temperature for heat transfer between ocean and atmosphere is the very surface, the skin temperature.

The other 23 W / m ^ 2 is due to the temperature difference between the skin of the ocean and the atmosphere with which it exchanges photons.

Yet it is the temperature of that layer that the sensors interpret as a surface warming notwithstanding the further cooling of the ocean skin below it.