Sentences with phrase «ocean surface areas»

The temperature that climate scientists typically reference and care about with regard to climate change is «the average global temperature across land and ocean surface areas».

With the contribution of such record warmth at year's end and with 10 months of the year record warm for their respective months, including the last 8 (January was second warmest for January and April was third warmest), the average global temperature across land and ocean surface areas for 2015 was 0.90 °C (1.62 °F) above the 20th century average of 13.9 °C (57.0 °F), beating the previous record warmth of 2014 by 0.16 °C (0.29 °F).

When taken to task, he points out that the rise multiplied by the ocean surface area is an enormous amount of water, and is told that the ordinary person will treat that statement as indicating a trivial change.

In January 1999, I began illustrating and discussing how the East Indian and West Pacific Oceans (60S - 65N, 80E - 180 or about 25 % of the global ocean surface area) can and does warm in response to El Niño AND La Niña events.

Just divide the volume change by the total ocean surface area, 360 million square km.

Not exact matches

Oceans cover more than two - thirds of the planet's surface, and industrial fishing occurred across 55 percent of that ocean area in 2016, researchers report in the Feb. 23 Science.

On its surface, the presence of Australasian genes might seem to indicate that people had sailed from that area across the Pacific Ocean to the Americas, but that genetic signature does not show up in people in the Pacific islands, which likely would have been along the route.

He also said that their feeding pattern is distinct because the area where they've settled has a limited supply of food available on the ocean floor, and an abundance near the surface.

Today, depending on the area, typical surface ocean waters consist of between 5.4 and 8 milliliters of dissolved oxygen for every liter of seawater.

Although some lakes can also absorb CO2 at their surfaces similar to the way oceans do, the increases in these other sources of organic and inorganic carbon are likely the dominant factor, says Scott Higgins, a research scientist at the International Institute for Sustainable Development's Experimental Lakes Area, a natural laboratory of 58 small lakes in Ontario.

Scientists define them as periods when the sea surface in a given area of the ocean gets unusually warm for at least five days in a row.

To increase the surface area surveyed, and quantify the largest pieces of plastic — objects that include discarded fishing nets several meters in size — a C - 130 Hercules aircraft was fitted with advanced sensors to collect multispectral imagery and 3D scans of the ocean garbage.

Initially, scientists thought that no species, let alone a bustling community, could survive the scorching temperatures and crushing pressures of these sites, most of which are located about 7,000 feet below the ocean surface in areas of seafloor spreading.

Also, the Jason - 3 measurements of ocean waves and ocean surface topography will be essential inputs to numerical forecasts of sea state and ocean currents and to other applications in the areas of marine meteorology and operational oceanography.

«When most people «imagine» coastal places, they focus on areas above the ocean surface.

Mars is a big place — its surface area is the same as Earth's, minus the oceans.

In these areas, deep ocean waters that are naturally rich in carbon dioxide are upwelling and mixing with surface waters that are absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Smaller, dispersed droplets are less threatening for two reasons: they present more surface area to the water, so ocean bacteria can degrade the oil faster; plus, the small droplets are much slower to rise to the surface, keeping the oil at sea instead of in coastal wetlands and giving the bacteria more time to do their magic.

Yet because of the difficulty in collecting samples from so far below the ocean surface, and because of the large area that was impacted by the spill, a number of gaps in understanding the fate of the oil over time remained.

The area covered by all the green leaves on Earth is equal to, on average, 32 percent of Earth's total surface area — oceans, lands and permanent ice sheets combined.

The area boasts the world's warmest ocean temperatures and vents massive volumes of warm gases from the surface high into the atmosphere, which may shape global climate and air chemistry enough to impact billions of people worldwide.

«Cold, deep water from this little area of the Nordic seas, less than 1 % of the global ocean, travels the entire planet and returns as warm surface water.

A few hours later, we made our way over to the area's most famous fossil bed, the blandly named E Surface, which cantilevers out high over the ocean.

«In that area, like on the eastern boundaries of other tropical oceans, nutrient - rich waters from deeper water layers are transported to the surface,» explains co-author Prof. Dr. Hermann Bange, also from GEOMAR.

«Building on this, the present, novel results show biological effects near the ocean surface in areas where seeps are most prolific.»

A low - altitude flow of warm, moist air from an ocean area combined with a flow of cold, dry polar air high up creates maximum instability, which means that parcels of air heated near the surface rise rapidly, creating powerful updrafts.

An international team of researchers analyzed the available data taken from all previous studies of the Southern Ocean, together with satellite images taken of the area, to quantify the amount of iron supplied to the surface waters of the Southern Ocean.

El Niño is characterized by a large area of warmer - than - average ocean surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific.

Future assessments of carbon storage must now take into account the surface areas of the land - ocean aquatic continuum to ensure accurate estimation of carbon storage.

Such areas on the surface would provide another ideal way to learn more about Europa's subsurface water, if indeed there is a connection between them and the ocean.

It is thought that water from the ocean below has made its way to the surface in these areas, depositing various minerals or salts, etc..

To remove this difference in magnitude and focus instead on the patterns of change, the authors scaled the vertical profiles of ocean temperature (area - weighted with respect to each vertical ocean layer) with the global surface air temperature trend of each period.

The accelerating melting of land ice into the sea makes the surface of the ocean around Antarctica colder, less salty and more easily frozen, leading to extensive sea ice in some areas.

«Due to its large volume and surface area, the biogeochemical processes in the ocean are the main control on the levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,» Buchanan said.

Drought variations in the study area significantly correlated with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in North Pacific Ocean, suggesting a possible connection of regional hydroclimatic variations to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO).

In some areas, the heat build - up is forming a dense layer of oxygen - poor surface water, which affects ocean organisms like plankton.

Linear trends (1955 — 2003) of change in ocean heat content per unit surface area (W m — 2) for the 0 to 700 m layer, based on the work of Levitus et al. (2005a).

Ocean surfaces have warmed considerably over the last few years, and since oceans cover roughly tw0 - thirds of the globe's area, it is reasonable to examine how sea surface temperature evolution has played into the short - term evolution of GMST.

The figure below, taken from the 2007 IPCC report, shows model runs with only natural forcings; model runs with all forcings; and observations of surface temperatures for the whole globe — land areas and ocean areas.

At that point in geological history, global surface temperatures were rising naturally with spurts of rapid regional warming in areas like the North Atlantic Ocean.

The CDR potential and possible environmental side effects are estimated for various COA deployment scenarios, assuming olivine as the alkalinity source in ice ‐ free coastal waters (about 8.6 % of the global ocean's surface area), with dissolution rates being a function of grain size, ambient seawater temperature, and pH. Our results indicate that for a large ‐ enough olivine deployment of small ‐ enough grain sizes (10 µm), atmospheric CO2 could be reduced by more than 800 GtC by the year 2100.

You need to divide your 57.7 meter sea level rise by (0.7096), the surface area of the oceans in comparison to the surface area of the Earth.

His areas of expertise are paleoceanography of surface and deep - ocean circulation using micropaleontological and geochemical tracers; planktonic foraminiferal ecology and paleoecology; and paleoclimatology from cave deposits.

This year has seen record high sea surface temperatures in the Nino3.4 region, the area of the Pacific Ocean where these events are commonly measured.

These figures may be even more noteworthy given that the uptake occurs predominantly in seasonally ice - free areas, which are a fraction of the Arctic Ocean surface.

If the oceans were half the surface area of the globe (50 %) then the energy going into the ocean would be double = 3.2 W / m ^ 2.

Researchers have found seven new animal species living along the Southwest Indian Ridge, 3,000 metres beneath the surface of the ocean, in an area targeted for deep - sea mining.

The layout is wider than it is deep, creating more surface area on the ocean facing exterior wall.

These reefs are found in tropical and subtropical waters and take up a very small percentage of the ocean's surface area.

Numerous denier arguments involving slight fluctuations in the global distribution of warmer vs cooler sea surface areas as supposed explanations of climate change neglect all the energy that goes into ocean heat content, melting large ice deposits and so forth.