Sentences with phrase «ocean surface conditions»

It's especially plausible given what we know about the sensitivity of climate to ocean surface conditions.

Not exact matches

It will need to study atmospheric and ocean conditions, move around sea beds, and hover at or below the surface.

Traditional GPS tags narrow the range to tens of metres, but are slow to get a satellite fix, a problem in tough ocean conditions and when an animal surfaces only briefly.

The ongoing La Niña pattern, where there are colder than normal sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, favors these types of conditions.

The dark, nutrient - deprived environment of the lakes could resemble conditions on Jupiter's moon Europa, which is assumed to hold a large ocean beneath its frozen surface.

This past June scientists at NASA's Stennis Space Center in Mississippi reported that the eyewall's extreme conditions can stir up ocean currents 300 feet below the surface, disrupting sediment and organisms on the seafloor for as long as a week after the storm subsides.

This enabled the research team to reconstruct, for the first time, a detailed picture of the environmental conditions at the ocean's surface, as well as in deeper water layers, over the last 30,000 years.

Year - round ice - free conditions across the surface of the Arctic Ocean could explain why Earth was substantially warmer during the Pliocene Epoch than it is today, despite similar concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Year - round ice - free conditions across the surface of the Arctic Ocean could explain why Earth was substantially warmer during the Pliocene Epoch than it is today, despite similar concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to new research carried out at the University of Colorado Boulder.

The Iceland and Greenland Seas are among the only places worldwide where conditions are right and this heat exchange is able to change the ocean's density enough to cause the surface waters to sink.

The El Nino weather pattern is a warming of ocean surface temperatures in the eastern and central Pacific and usually brings hot, dry, and often drought conditions to Australia.

For example, scientists have found that El Niño and La Niña, the periodic warming and cooling of surface waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, are correlated with a higher probability of wet or dry conditions in different regions around the globe.

Sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean are warmer than normal — El Niño conditions — which suppress rainfall in the eastern Amazon.

If the heat is intense enough (center), it might melt the ice almost all the way to the surface; in that case, organic matter and sunlight from above could reach the ocean, creating promising conditions for biology.

The tracking revealed «a climate system still in transition in 2017,» as surface ocean conditions return to near normal.

A study examined three different factors: warmer - than - usual surface atmosphere conditions (related to global warming); sea - ice thinning prior to the melting season (also related to global warming); and an August storm that passed over the Arctic, stirring up the ocean, fracturing the sea ice and sending it southward to warmer climes.

They also looked at recent ocean conditions, in particular the temperature of the sea surface near Japan and Florida the winter before a given breeding season.

So far, these early results showed that physical conditions where the air and the ocean interact must be a vital part of any successful hurricane forecasting model and would help explain, and predict, how a storm might intensify as it moves through across the water based on the physical stress at the ocean's surface.

The samples were globally distributed throughout the surface oceans (only one deep sea sample) and represented diverse environmental conditions.

«We established a means to study viral populations within more complex communities and found that surface ocean viruses were passively transported on currents and that population abundances were structured by local environmental conditions,» said Sullivan, associate professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and member of the BIO5 Institute.

As any sailor knows, conditions at the ocean's surface can change in a moment.

With ENSO - neutral conditions present during the first half of 2013, the January — June global temperature across land and ocean surfaces tied with 2003 as the seventh warmest such period, at 0.59 °C (1.06 °F) above the 20th century average.

Bacteria, however, have remained Earth's most successful form of life — found miles deep below as well as within and on surface rock, within and beneath the oceans and polar ice, floating in the air, and within as well as on Homo sapiens sapiens; and some Arctic thermophiles apparently even have life - cycle hibernation periods of up to a 100 million years while waiting for warmer conditions underneath increasing layers of sea sediments (Lewis Dartnell, New Scientist, September 20, 2010; and Hubert et al, 2010).

When ice melts, it allows the surface ocean to begin absorbing sunlight, potentially locking in the ice - free condition.

During normal conditions, trade winds blow to the west across the tropical Pacific Ocean, piling up warm surface water in the western Pacific, and cold, deeper water rises up, or upwells, off the west coast of South America.

Looking only at the present - day sea - surface temperatures will tell little until it is put in perspective with the assumed normal ocean conditions.

Trending increases in certain environmental conditions that brew up these storms: increased sea surface and upper ocean temperatures and atmospheric instability.

To learn more about equatorial ocean conditions in the Pacific, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) deployed moored open - ocean buoys that track the sea - surface conditions.

Shifts in sea - surface temperatures in both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans can produce conditions that lead to periods of drought (McCabe et al. 2004, Seager and Hoerling 2014).

The researchers use computer models to forecast future ocean conditions such as surface temperatures, salinity, and currents, and project how the distribution of different fish species could respond to climate change.

«We established a means to study viral populations within more complex communities and found that surface ocean viruses were passively transported on currents and that population abundances were structured by local environmental conditions,» said Sullivan, associate professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and a member of the BIO5 Institute.

The samples were globally distributed throughout the surface oceans (only one deep - sea sample) and represented diverse environmental conditions.

The researchers discovered that periods of increased radiative forcing could produce drought - like conditions that extended indefinitely and that these conditions were closely tied to prolonged changes in Pacific Ocean surface temperatures.

Ocean acidification is projected to occur relatively rapidly in the Arctic due to processes and conditions that are unique to Arctic surface waters [7]--[9].

Under cloudy conditions, the cloud cover radiates more heat back down toward the ocean surface than happens under clear sky conditions.

Ocean conditions need to be calm for the best visibility with little surface wind.

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Soundbite version: «Global warming is expected to increase sea surface temperatures, create a thicker and warmer ocean surface layer, and increase the moisture in the atmosphere over the oceans — all conditions that should lead to a general increase in hurricane intensity and maybe frequency.»

Ok, now the next problem seems to be that the deep ocean would come into the act, and as the surface temperature began to catch up, as with ocean surface temperature, we should then expect significant hurricane activity, and otherwise increased storm conditions.

The paleoclimate record (8.2 kyr, and earlier «large lake collapses») shows a dramatic drop in surface temperatures for a substantial period of time when the ocean circulation shuts off or changes, but is that actually what would be expected under these warming conditions?

«The climate patterns responsible for the expected above - normal 2007 hurricane season continue to be the ongoing multi-decadal signal (the set of oceanic and atmospheric conditions that have spawned increased Atlantic hurricane activity since 1995), warmer - than - normal sea surface temperatures in key areas of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, and the El Nino / La Nina cycle»

The surface heat capacity C (j = 0) was set to the equivalent of a global layer of water 50 m deep (which would be a layer ~ 70 m thick over the oceans) plus 70 % of the atmosphere, the latent heat of vaporization corresponding to a 20 % increase in water vapor per 3 K warming (linearized for current conditions), and a little land surface; expressed as W * yr per m ^ 2 * K (a convenient unit), I got about 7.093.

Could the Ice models be forced to an «ice free» state at the ides of March, then run backwards to see what the conditions would have to be (IMHO, primarily ocean surface temperature and profile with depth) at the end of the previous September to give this result when run forward?

So you have on the one hand warrming oceans and on the other hand high pressures building around Antarctica preventing surface lows from bringing warmer conditions inside Antarctica.

For example: 1) plants giving off net CO2 in hot conditions (r / t aborbing)-- see: http://www.climateark.org/articles/reader.asp?linkid=46488 2) plants dying out due to heat & drought & wild fires enhanced by GW (reducing or cutting short their uptake of CO2 & releasing CO2 in the process) 3) ocean methane clathrates melting, giving off methane 4) permafrost melting & giving off methane & CO2 5) ice & snow melting, uncovering dark surfaces that absorb more heat 6) the warming slowing the thermohaline ocean conveyor & its up - churning of nutrients — reducing marine plant life & that carbon sink.

is not an easy feat, as the ice cover obstructs the view of part of the sea surface and affects the measurements in mixed ocean / sea - ice conditions.

Small changes in initial conditions drive abrupt and nonlinear change evident in many of the global ocean and atmospheric indices — and indeed in the surface temperature trajectory.

They then looked at the challenges that warmer oceans delivered for crustaceans, molluscs, sponges, deep sea invertebrates, the warm and cold water corals that provide habitat for one - fourth of the ocean's variety, the pelagic or surface - swimming fish, and the demersal or deep - sea denizens that live longer, reproduce more slowly and are thus less likely to evolve and adapt to changing conditions.

[4] Disruptive ocean acidification conditions are expected to be commonplace in Oregon coastal surface waters by mid-century.

(1) forcing of the upper ocean physical condition through the input of solar radiation, including light, heat, and indirectly momentum at the ocean surface;