Sentences with phrase «ocean surface temperature conditions»

Not exact matches

The ongoing La Niña pattern, where there are colder than normal sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, favors these types of conditions.

The El Nino weather pattern is a warming of ocean surface temperatures in the eastern and central Pacific and usually brings hot, dry, and often drought conditions to Australia.

Sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean are warmer than normal — El Niño conditions — which suppress rainfall in the eastern Amazon.

They also looked at recent ocean conditions, in particular the temperature of the sea surface near Japan and Florida the winter before a given breeding season.

With ENSO - neutral conditions present during the first half of 2013, the January — June global temperature across land and ocean surfaces tied with 2003 as the seventh warmest such period, at 0.59 °C (1.06 °F) above the 20th century average.

Looking only at the present - day sea - surface temperatures will tell little until it is put in perspective with the assumed normal ocean conditions.

Trending increases in certain environmental conditions that brew up these storms: increased sea surface and upper ocean temperatures and atmospheric instability.

Shifts in sea - surface temperatures in both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans can produce conditions that lead to periods of drought (McCabe et al. 2004, Seager and Hoerling 2014).

The researchers use computer models to forecast future ocean conditions such as surface temperatures, salinity, and currents, and project how the distribution of different fish species could respond to climate change.

The researchers discovered that periods of increased radiative forcing could produce drought - like conditions that extended indefinitely and that these conditions were closely tied to prolonged changes in Pacific Ocean surface temperatures.

Soundbite version: «Global warming is expected to increase sea surface temperatures, create a thicker and warmer ocean surface layer, and increase the moisture in the atmosphere over the oceans — all conditions that should lead to a general increase in hurricane intensity and maybe frequency.»

Ok, now the next problem seems to be that the deep ocean would come into the act, and as the surface temperature began to catch up, as with ocean surface temperature, we should then expect significant hurricane activity, and otherwise increased storm conditions.

The paleoclimate record (8.2 kyr, and earlier «large lake collapses») shows a dramatic drop in surface temperatures for a substantial period of time when the ocean circulation shuts off or changes, but is that actually what would be expected under these warming conditions?

«The climate patterns responsible for the expected above - normal 2007 hurricane season continue to be the ongoing multi-decadal signal (the set of oceanic and atmospheric conditions that have spawned increased Atlantic hurricane activity since 1995), warmer - than - normal sea surface temperatures in key areas of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, and the El Nino / La Nina cycle»

Could the Ice models be forced to an «ice free» state at the ides of March, then run backwards to see what the conditions would have to be (IMHO, primarily ocean surface temperature and profile with depth) at the end of the previous September to give this result when run forward?

Small changes in initial conditions drive abrupt and nonlinear change evident in many of the global ocean and atmospheric indices — and indeed in the surface temperature trajectory.

17 El Nino verses La Nina El Niño La Niña Trade winds weaken Warm ocean water replaces offshore cold water near South America Irregular intervals of three to seven years Wetter than average winters in NC La Niña Normal conditions between El Nino events When surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific are colder than average The southern US is usually warmer and dryer in climate

Sea surface heights are influenced by ocean temperatures and winds, and so in turn reflect the overarching conditions of ocean regions, including patterns like El Niño and La Niña.

Over the ocean this includes: sea surface slope and surface current, significant wave height, wind speed and sea level from radar altimetry at about 10 km resolution: sea surface temperature under cloud free conditions from the infrared radiometer at about 300 m resolution; chlorophyll a and phytoplankton from the imaging spectrometer under cloud free conditions at about 300 m resolution.

Sea surface temperature (SST) provides a measure of the surface ocean conditions, however no information about the subsurface ocean thermal structure (approximately the upper 50 m of the ocean) can be derived from SST alone.

This means it will take centuries to millennia for deep ocean temperatures to warm in response to today's surface conditions, and at least as long for ocean warming to reverse after atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations decrease (virtually certain).

Long - term mean ocean current velocities at 100 m depth (vectors, unit: m s — 1) and sea surface temperature (colours, °C) around the Kuroshio and the Kuroshio Extension obtained from a control experiment forced by pre-industrial conditions (CO2 concentration 295.9 ppm) using MIROC3.2 (hires).

To obtain the «best possible» initial ice - ocean conditions for the forecasts, we conducted a retrospective simulation using PIOMAS that assimilates satellite ice concentration and sea surface temperature data.

El Niño refers to the natural condition where ocean surface temperatures in the eastern and central Pacific near the Equator warm to levels above the long term average.

[later in the report:] Sea surface temperatures during June 2009 were warmer than average across much of the world's oceans, with the exception of cooler - than - average conditions across the southern oceans.

As with previous CIS contributions, the 2016 forecast was derived by considering a combination of methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end - of - winter Arctic ice thickness / extent, as well as winter surface air temperature, spring ice conditions and the summer temperature forecast; 2) a simple statistical method, Optimal Filtering Based Model (OFBM), that uses an optimal linear data filter to extrapolate the September sea ice extent time - series into the future and 3) a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that tests ocean, atmosphere and sea ice predictors.

Any field - or ship - based updates on ice conditions in the different regions such as sea ice morphology (e.g., concentration, ice type, floe size, thickness, snow cover, melt pond characteristics, topography), meteorology (surface measurements) and oceanography (e.g., temperature, salinity, upper ocean temperature).

As the Earth's surface cools further, cold conditions spread to lower latitudes but polar surface water and the deep ocean can not become much colder, and thus the benthic foraminifera record a temperature change smaller than the global average surface temperature change [43].

Falling back on the surface temperatures as the metric for the most societal relevant climate metric, even if its period of record is longer, is not a reason to focus on it, if it does not serve the purpose of telling us if humans are significantly altering these circulation patterns, and thus the weather and ocean conditions that matter the most in terms of the impacts on water resources, food, energy, human health and ecosystem function.

Although atmosphere — ocean models have difficulty replicating Pliocene climate, atmospheric models forced by specified surface boundary conditions are expected to be capable of calculating global surface temperature with reasonable accuracy.

Thus, in numerical weather prediction out to a mere few days, one tends to neglect the intrinsic variability of the oceans and concentrates on the atmosphere, with sea surface temperatures prescribed as a boundary condition; the sea surface temperature field can either be kept constant in time or allowed to vary in some prescribed manner, e.g., according to a diurnal cycle.

At page 3.44 we read «It will take centuries to millennia for deep ocean temperatures to warm in response to today's surface conditions.»

To answer this question, large ensemble simulations of regional climate models will be carried out for an East Asian domain for two worlds: (1) Real world condition for which the observed sea surface temperatures will be prescribed and (2) Counter-factual world condition for which we will use adjusted sea surface temperatures obtained by removing human - induced ocean warming patterns.

Where ocean conditions drive the atmosphere, higher surface air temperatures are associated with precipitation, as during El Niño events.

Current climate conditions trends and averages: Oceans: Sea Level Rise (SLR), Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTA), Sea Surface Height (SSH), Sea Surface Salinity (SSS).

We find that over a wide range of values of diapycnal diffusivity and Southern Ocean winds, and with a variety of changes in surface boundary conditions, the spatial patterns of ocean temperature anomaly are nearly always determined as much or more by the existing heat reservoir redistribution than by the nearly passive uptake of temperature due to changes in the surface boundary conditOcean winds, and with a variety of changes in surface boundary conditions, the spatial patterns of ocean temperature anomaly are nearly always determined as much or more by the existing heat reservoir redistribution than by the nearly passive uptake of temperature due to changes in the surface boundary conditocean temperature anomaly are nearly always determined as much or more by the existing heat reservoir redistribution than by the nearly passive uptake of temperature due to changes in the surface boundary conditions.