The authors propose that higher
ocean surface temperatures directly cause the decline in cirrus clouds by changing the dynamics of cloud formation and rainfall.
But the fact remains that they are distinct, showing that rising global
ocean surface temperatures directly influence UK winter rainfall.
Not exact matches
There's no satellite in space that's capable of
directly measuring
ocean acidity, but an international team of scientists writing in the journal Environmental Science & Technology described last week how satellite measurements of sea
surface temperatures, salinity and plankton activity could be combined and used to estimate pH.
Long waves (infrared) light from the sun, GHGs, clouds, are trapped at the
surface of the
oceans,
directly leading to increased «skin»
temperature, more water vapor (a very effective GHG), faster convection (with more loss of heat to space in the tropics),... How each of them converts to real regional / global
temperature increases / decreases is another point of discussion...
Insolation
directly affects
ocean surface temperatures (and longer term
ocean heat content).
Ocean surface temperatures depend on ocean circulation currents like which vary like ENSO, that have intrinsic variations not directly affected by CO2, as well as Volcanoes and aero
Ocean surface temperatures depend on
ocean circulation currents like which vary like ENSO, that have intrinsic variations not directly affected by CO2, as well as Volcanoes and aero
ocean circulation currents like which vary like ENSO, that have intrinsic variations not
directly affected by CO2, as well as Volcanoes and aerosals.
«The fastest alterations occur at the
surface, where the
ocean is
directly exposed to the rising carbon dioxide concentration and increasing
temperature of the atmosphere.
For example, Peilke's argument that
Ocean Heat Content is more meaningful and arguments that
surface temperature is «meaningless» are not addressed
directly.
And while many factors shape sea
surface temperatures in a given place, the overall trend —
directly linked to climate change — is toward hotter
oceans.
With an avg
surface temperature of the
oceans of ~ 290K without atmosphere they would radiate
directly to space ~ 400W / m ^ 2 (and start cooling down rapidly).
Spencer / Braswell and Lindzen / Choi look at the relationship between changes in
ocean heat, cloud cover (
directly affecting the amount of heat lost to space), and global
surface temperature over recent decades.
It is not «conduction» but exchange of radiation; if you keep your hands parallel at a distance of some cm the right hand does not (radiatively) «warm» the left hand or vice versa albeit at 33 °C skin
temperature they exchange some hundreds of W / m ² (about 500 W / m ²) The solar radiation reaching the
surface (for 71 % of the
surface, the
oceans) is lost by evaporation (or evapotranspiration of the vegetation), plus some convection (20 W / ²) and some radiation reaching the cosmos
directly through the window 8µm to 12 µm (about 20 W / m ² «global» average); only the radiative heat flow
surface to air (absorbed by the air) is negligible (plus or minus); the non radiative (latent heat, sensible heat) are transferred for
surface to air and compensate for a part of the heat lost to the cosmos by the upper layer of the water vapour displayed on figure 6 - C.
The
oceans can impact global mean
surface temperature in several ways;
directly, through
surface fluxes of heat, or indirectly, by altering the atmospheric circulation and impacting the distribution of clouds and water vapor.