To give you an idea of how the Earth has heated up, the combined land and
ocean temperature increased by about 0.8 degrees Celsius between 1901 and 2010, yet between 1979 and 2010, the temperature spiked about 0.5 degrees Celsius.
Not exact matches
The new report «Lights Out for the Reef», written
by University of Queensland coral reef biologist Selina Ward, noted that reefs were vulnerable to several different effects of climate change; including rising sea
temperatures and
increased carbon dioxide in the
ocean, which causes acidification.
Additionally, ice sheets are sometimes affected
by increased ocean temperatures that literally undermine the ice sheets and melt them from below.
While caring for animals affected
by human activity such as overfishing, habitat degradation, plastic pollution and rising
ocean temperatures, the team seeks to
increase public engagement and advocacy along with inspire new individuals to make a difference.
A recent study, published January in Science, found that severe coral bleaching events — which are generally triggered
by high
ocean temperatures — have already
increased in frequency nearly fivefold since the early 1980s (Climatewire, Jan. 5).
Federal protection could slow the destruction of coral reefs, which are devastated
by increasing water
temperatures and the rise of
ocean acidification
Southern
Ocean seafloor water
temperatures are projected to warm
by an average of 0.4 °C over this century with some areas possibly
increasing by as much as 2 °C.
If
ocean warming continues, it is predicted that picocyanobacteria, which prefer high
temperatures, will become more abundant and could
increase 10 to 20 percent
by end of century, said Chen.
The man - made part of the disaster, caused
by burning fossil fuels, has
increased ocean temperature an average of 1.33 degrees Fahrenheit since the start of the Industrial Revolution, according to a study in Science.
High
temperatures increase weathering of silicate rocks, and this sucks carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and into the
oceans — a process aided
by plants.
Previous studies have hypothesized that the North Pacific atmospheric ridge is caused
by increased ocean surface
temperatures and movement of heat in the tropical Pacific.
Focusing on reef - building corals and other shelled creatures that are threatened
by increasing temperatures and
ocean acidification, she is testing them to determine how species may acclimatize to the new circumstances.
The effects of wind changes, which were found to potentially
increase temperatures in the Southern
Ocean between 660 feet and 2,300 feet below the surface by 2 °C, or nearly 3.6 °F, are over and above the ocean warming that's being caused by the heat - trapping effects of greenhouse g
Ocean between 660 feet and 2,300 feet below the surface
by 2 °C, or nearly 3.6 °F, are over and above the
ocean warming that's being caused by the heat - trapping effects of greenhouse g
ocean warming that's being caused
by the heat - trapping effects of greenhouse gases.
But as
ocean temperatures increase due to climate warming, their emission rates could potentially rise
by 20 percent between 2010 and 2100.
The observed and projected rates of
increase in freshwater runoff could potentially disrupt
ocean circulation if global
temperatures rise
by 3 to 4 °C over this century as forecast
by the IPCC 2001 report.
From 1966 to 2003 the modeled mean world
ocean temperature in the upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic Ocean increased 0.203
ocean temperature in the upper 700 m
increased 0.097 Â °C and
by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean
temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic
Ocean increased 0.203
Ocean increased 0.203 Â °C.
These rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have led to an
increase in global average
temperatures of ~ 0.2 °C decade — 1, much of which has been absorbed
by the
oceans, whilst the oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2 has led to major changes in surface
ocean pH (Levitus et al., 2000, 2005; Feely et al., 2008; Hoegh - Guldberg and Bruno, 2010; Mora et al., 2013; Roemmich et al., 2015).
Possible mechanisms include (vii) changes in
ocean temperature (and salinity), (viii) suppression of air - sea gas exchange by sea ice, and (ix) increased stratification in the Southern O
ocean temperature (and salinity), (viii) suppression of air - sea gas exchange
by sea ice, and (ix)
increased stratification in the Southern
OceanOcean.
Thousands of studies conducted
by researchers around the world have documented changes in surface, atmospheric, and oceanic
temperatures; melting glaciers; diminishing snow cover; shrinking sea ice; rising sea levels;
ocean acidification; and
increasing atmospheric water vapor.
I am also interested in how long is required for the surface temp to «achieve» 95 % of the ECS change: e.g. if climate sensitivity is 2K, how much time is required for the surface temp to
increase by 1.9 K; and then how much longer for the deep
oceans to
increase by 1.9 K (or whatever 95 % of the projected
increase in deep
ocean temperature works out to.)
In the case of warming caused
by a disproportionate
increase in atmospheric CO2 (compared with oceanic CO2), an
increase in
temperatures only slows down the rate at which CO2 is absorbed
by the
oceans.
Source: Lyman 2010 The reaction of the
oceans to climate change are some of the most profound across the entire environment, including disruption of the
ocean food chain through chemical changes caused
by CO2, the ability of the sea to absorb CO2 being limited
by temperature increases, (and the potential to expel sequestered CO2 back into the atmosphere as the water gets hotter), sea - level rise due to thermal expansion, and the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere.
A sea breeze, which is caused
by the
temperature and pressure difference between warm areas inland and the cool air over the
ocean, often develops on warm summer days as well,
increasing the on - shore flow pattern and maintaining a constant flow of marine stratus clouds onto the coastal areas.
Purely physical processes like wind - driven mixing can
increase the uptake of CO2
by the
oceans, but biological processes also play an important role, as does the
temperature difference between the air and the water:
• Significantly, the East Siberian Arctic Shelf, ESAS, has up to 1000 Gt of methane reserves, and it is highly believable that 1 % of this (or up to 10 Gt) is in the form of free gas trapped underneath the currently degrading subsea permafrost cap, which could be released within the next few decades
by a combination of
increasing Arctic
Ocean water
temperatures,
increased storm activity, and possible
increases in seismic activity.
So it seems like it might be a mistake to get into a box
by predicting imminent surface
temperature increase, or even
ocean surface
temperature increase.
How does society, as it stands now, not understand that they have locked into the system already a rise to the high 500's ppm, and, in my humble opinion, the low 600's are NOT out of the question.To me this is just as much of a tragedy if it takes place 250 years from now as it is if it takes only 100 years.In the end, the seventh generation is screwed
by a huge loss of fresh water, a huge
increase in
temperature, an
ocean that no longer produces even one tenth of its total protein and carboydrate output as it did in the 1800's.
The significant difference between the observed decrease of the CO2 sink estimated
by the inversion (0.03 PgC / y per decade) and the expected
increase due solely to rising atmospheric CO2 -LRB--0.05 PgC / y per decade) indicates that there has been a relative weakening of the Southern
Ocean CO2 sink (0.08 PgC / y per decade) due to changes in other atmospheric forcing (winds, surface air
temperature, and water fluxes).
2) Anthropogenic global warming will not affect the Arctic (or any other region) solely
by increasing local
temperatures, but also
by its complex effects on climate as a whole, which includes affects on patterns of wind and
ocean currents.
From 1966 to 2003 the modeled mean world
ocean temperature in the upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic Ocean increased 0.203
ocean temperature in the upper 700 m
increased 0.097 Â °C and
by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean
temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic
Ocean increased 0.203
Ocean increased 0.203 Â °C.
Maue discussed how «two camps» of researchers claim to have
increased predictability of such weather events over periods of a month or more
by using clues either in the Arctic, related to the extent of sea ice and snow cover, or in the
temperature of surface waters across the Pacific
Ocean.
Thus, if the absorption of the infrared emission from atmospheric greenhouse gases reduces the gradient through the skin layer, the flow of heat from the
ocean beneath will be reduced, leaving more of the heat introduced into the bulk of the upper oceanic layer
by the absorption of sunlight to remain there to
increase water
temperature.
Observational evidence from all continents and most
oceans shows that many natural systems are being affected
by regional climate changes, particularly
temperature increases.
During the period 1992 - 2000, the average sea - surface
temperature of the Indian
Ocean increased by approximately 0.25 Celsius, this may be the cause of an
increased monsoon strength here (or more hurricanes on other places)...
It's a nasty positive feedback that is much enhanced
by increases in
ocean temperature.
So the approximately 1 W / m ^ 2 going into the
ocean is roughly accommodated
by about 1/3 of the 3.7 W / m ^ 2 forcing plus thermal energy going into melting and
increasing the land and atmosphere
temperatures.
«Due to human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation, and the
increased release of CO2 from the
oceans due to the
increase in the Earth's
temperature, the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide has
increased by about 35 % since the beginning of the age of industrialization.»
In 2005, during the hottest average decade on record, 8 low - wind conditions known as «the doldrums» combined with very high
ocean temperatures to cause massive coral bleaching in the Virgin Islands.9 This was followed
by a particularly severe outbreak of at least five coral diseases in the Virgin Islands, resulting in a decline in coral cover of about 60 percent.9 There is some indication that higher
ocean temperatures — between 86 and 95 degrees Fahrenheit (30 to 35 degrees Celsius)-- promote optimal growth of several coral pathogens.9 Other research showed that elkhorn coral post-bleaching had larger disease lesions than unbleached specimens, suggesting that bleaching may
increase the corals» susceptibility to disease.9, 10
I agree that longer term processes as well as in the
oceans as in the biosphere have their influence, but these too are limited: once the
temperature of the full
ocean (including the deep
oceans) is
increased by a certain
temperature, the related
increase of CO2 in the atmosphere will hinder a further
increase of CO2 from the
oceans.
So the CO2 we see is clearly anthropogenic, however the rate of
increase is greatly affected
by the biosphere, and
by the
temperature, especially the
ocean temperature.
Here's a clue — a tendency toward a more frequent La Nina state, driven specifically
by increasing GH gas concentrations (and similar to conditions in the mid-Pliocene), may provide some modulation of tropospheric
temperature spikes, but that energy will be advected somewhere (the idea of homogenous dispersion throughout the
ocean is absurd), and that somewhere is exactly where we are seeing the biggest changes in the climate right now — the Arctic.
Using an
ocean circulation model for the shelf, the authors find that surface
temperatures may
increase by 0.5 to 2.0 °C, seasonal surface salinity may drop
by up to 2 PSS in some areas, and that Haida Eddies will strengthen, as will the Vancouver Island Coastal Current and freshwater discharges into coastal waters.
Whether we look at the steady
increase in global
temperature; the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to the highest level in a half - million years; the march of warmest - ever years (9 of the10 hottest on record have occurred since 2000); the dramatic shrinking of mountain glaciers and Arctic sea ice; the accelerating rise in sea level; or the acidification of our
oceans; the tale told
by the evidence is consistent and it is compelling.
I'm a phsycist - and I remember being highly skeptical about AGW when I first heard about it in the late 80's - reasoning that the
ocean was such an enormous heat sink that any impact on atmospheric
temperatures would be dwarfed
by the impact on
increased heat content in the
ocean.
If all came from the
oceans (which is likely with
increased temperatures), this would give an
increase of the d13C level
by 1.6 per mil in the atmosphere.
In northern latitudes during winter areas like Europe would much more affected
by ocean warming - one would tropical like conditions during the winter in regions currently strongly affected
by warmth of gulf stream - though the flow of gulf stream would greatly diminished, the
ocean temperature would be significantly
increased.
Stronger vertical mixing invigorates the MOC [Meridonal Overturning Circulation]
by an order of magnitude,
increases ocean heat transport
by 50 — 100 %, reduces the zonal mean equator - to - pole
temperature gradients
by up to 6 °C, lowers tropical peak terrestrial
temperatures by up to 6 °C, and warms high - latitude
oceans by up to 10 °C.»
Coby, if the earth is warming as a result of
increased periodic solar activity (or some other more complex reason) as suggested
by the long term cycles mentioned above measured before man was on earth or industrialized, is it posssible that the observed
increases in CO2 in the atmosphere are simply coming from warmer
oceans, since liquids can not hold as much gas at a higher
temperature than they can at lower
temperature?
In fact it is a very risky target for all of us: so far,
temperatures have
increased by just.8 degree Celsius and we are already experiencing many alarming impacts, including the unprecedented melting of the Greenland ice sheet in the summer of 2012 and the acidification of
oceans far more rapidly than expected.
In some locations, changes in
ocean temperatures and atmospheric patterns brought about
by El Niño lead to drier conditions, which
increases the damage during «fire season».