Identify how anthropogenic forcing and natural atmosphere -
ocean variability contribute uniquely to decadal timescale changes in the width of the tropical belt.
Not exact matches
Shifts in internal temperature
variability, measured through SST variance and skewness, are also occurring and
contribute to much of the MHW trends observed over the remainder of the global
ocean, particularly for MHW duration and intensity.
Better characterize the deep
ocean to quantify the role of deep temperature and salinity signals that
contribute to AMOC
variability through enhancements to the observing system that directly measure deep
ocean properties (temperature, salinity, and velocity) such as Deep Argo, Deep gliders, and moored instrumentation.
Then there is ENSO, for example, which was the principal cause of the all - time record warm year, 1998, plus other
ocean currents, which
contribute to natural
variability but whose impact and root cause is not known.
If internal
variability contributes 50 % of the warming, then the heat lost by the
oceans would be more than twice as larger as the heat gain computed by the alternative model in which the internal
variability contribution is small.
Using this estimate, the value of needed to produce near zero heat uptake by the
oceans is, so internal
variability need only
contribute about 25 % of the total warming to fully compensate for the heat uptake due to the forced response.
Processes
contributing to interannual steric sea level
variability are studied over the period 1993 — 2004 using an observationally - constrained
ocean state estimate produced by the ECCO («Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean») consor
ocean state estimate produced by the ECCO («Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the
Ocean») consor
Ocean») consortium.
9.3.1 Global Mean Response 9.3.1.1 1 % / yr CO2 increase (CMIP2) experiments 9.3.1.2 Projections of future climate from forcing scenario experiments (IS92a) 9.3.1.3 Marker scenario experiments (SRES) 9.3.2 Patterns of Future Climate Change 9.3.2.1 Summary 9.3.3 Range of Temperature Response to SRES Emission Scenarios 9.3.3.1 Implications for temperature of stabilisation of greenhouse gases 9.3.4 Factors that
Contribute to the Response 9.3.4.1 Climate sensitivity 9.3.4.2 The role of climate sensitivity and
ocean heat uptake 9.3.4.3 Thermohaline circulation changes 9.3.4.4 Time - scales of response 9.3.5 Changes in
Variability 9.3.5.1 Intra-seasonal variability 9.3.5.2 Interannual variability 9.3.5.3 Decadal and longer time - scale variability 9.3.5.4 Summary 9.3.6 Changes of Extreme Events 9.3.6.1 Temperature 9.3.6.2 Precipitation and convection 9.3.6.3 Extra-tropical storms 9.3.6.4 Tropical cyclones 9.3.6.5 Commentary on changes in extremes of weather and climate 9.3.6.6
Variability 9.3.5.1 Intra-seasonal
variability 9.3.5.2 Interannual variability 9.3.5.3 Decadal and longer time - scale variability 9.3.5.4 Summary 9.3.6 Changes of Extreme Events 9.3.6.1 Temperature 9.3.6.2 Precipitation and convection 9.3.6.3 Extra-tropical storms 9.3.6.4 Tropical cyclones 9.3.6.5 Commentary on changes in extremes of weather and climate 9.3.6.6
variability 9.3.5.2 Interannual
variability 9.3.5.3 Decadal and longer time - scale variability 9.3.5.4 Summary 9.3.6 Changes of Extreme Events 9.3.6.1 Temperature 9.3.6.2 Precipitation and convection 9.3.6.3 Extra-tropical storms 9.3.6.4 Tropical cyclones 9.3.6.5 Commentary on changes in extremes of weather and climate 9.3.6.6
variability 9.3.5.3 Decadal and longer time - scale
variability 9.3.5.4 Summary 9.3.6 Changes of Extreme Events 9.3.6.1 Temperature 9.3.6.2 Precipitation and convection 9.3.6.3 Extra-tropical storms 9.3.6.4 Tropical cyclones 9.3.6.5 Commentary on changes in extremes of weather and climate 9.3.6.6
variability 9.3.5.4 Summary 9.3.6 Changes of Extreme Events 9.3.6.1 Temperature 9.3.6.2 Precipitation and convection 9.3.6.3 Extra-tropical storms 9.3.6.4 Tropical cyclones 9.3.6.5 Commentary on changes in extremes of weather and climate 9.3.6.6 Conclusions
Factors which could
contribute to the early 20th century warming include increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, changing solar and volcanic activity, and internal
variability of the coupled
ocean - atmosphere system.