Sentences with phrase «ocean volume changes»

Cazenave, A., D. P. Chambers, P. Cipollini, L. L. Fu, J. W. Hurell, M. Merrifield, R. S. Nerem, H. P. Plag, C. K. Shum, and J. Willis, 2010: The challenge of measuring sea level rise and regional and global trends, Geodetic observations of ocean surface topography, ocean currents, ocean mass, and ocean volume changes.

Shum, C. K., A. Cazenave, D. Chambers, V. Gouretski, R. Gross, C. Hughes, S. Jayne, C. Kuo, E. Leuliette, N. Maximenko, J. Morison, H. Plag, S. Levitus, M. Rothacher, R. Rummel, J. Schroter, M. Sideris, T. Song, J. Willis, and P. Woodworth, 2010: Geodetic observations of ocean surface topography, ocean currents, ocean mass, and ocean volume changes.

We use realistic estimates of mass redistribution from ice mass loss and land water storage to quantify the resulting ocean bottom deformation and its effect on global and regional ocean volume change estimates.

Not exact matches

Ocean volume is a significant factor in sea - level change, Horton said.

The ocean conveyor system, Rutgers scientists believe, changed at the same time as a major expansion in the volume of the glaciers in the northern hemisphere as well as a substantial fall in sea levels.

The past climates that forced these changes in ice volume and sea level were reconstructed mainly from temperature - sensitive measurements in ocean cores from around the globe, and from ice cores.

To understand sea - level change means understanding not only the transfer of land ice into the ocean, but also, for example, how the gravitational field of the Earth changes as inconceivably large water volumes shift around the planet.

Positive energy content change means an increase in stored energy (i.e., heat content in oceans, latent heat from reduced ice or sea ice volumes, heat content in the continents excluding latent heat from permafrost changes, and latent and sensible heat and potential and kinetic energy in the atmosphere).

Writing in Nature Climate Change, two scientists from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) say the melting of quite a small volume of ice on the East Antarctic shore could ultimately trigger a discharge of ice into the ocean which would result in unstoppable sea - level rise for thousands of years ahead.

The latter is almost linearly related to changes in ice sheet volume; the former, however, is influenced by a range of factors, including atmosphere / ocean dynamics and changes in Earth's gravitational field, rotation, and crustal and the mantle deformation associated with the redistribution of mass between land ice and the ocean.

The typical estimate of the sea - level change is five metres, a value arrived at by taking the total volume of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, converting it to water and spreading it evenly across the oceans.

It seems to me that they must show deeper mixing than 50 M, since there is not enough mass in the upper 50 meters of ocean to account for the annual heat storage changes that are implied by observations for the the full integrated 700 meter volume of ocean.

The changes in volume over a season also tell us how much ice is produced, how much heat is extracted from the ocean, how much brine is injected into the ocean as a result of ice growth and how much melt water is injected back into the ocean.

Steric sea level is driven by volume changes through ocean salinity (halosteric) and ocean temperature (thermosteric) effects, from which the latter is known to play a dominant role in observed contemporary rise of GSSL.

Changes in sea floor spreading rates effect the volume of the mid-oceanic ridges which may contribute to changes in the volume of the ocean Changes in sea floor spreading rates effect the volume of the mid-oceanic ridges which may contribute to changes in the volume of the ocean changes in the volume of the ocean basins.

So, I was curious about your recent paper and whether there was any discussion of changes in the THC poleward of the GIS shelf vs the data from the RAPID program line located at 26.5 N. With the decline in minimum extent and volume of sea - ice, one might expect to see more THC sinking into the Arctic Ocean, with consequences for both climate and weather.

Can we consider the ocean basin volume as static for the purpose of sea level change prediction because the speed of water inputs will far outstrip the speed of mantle movements?

On decadal and longer time scales, global mean sea level change results from two major processes, mostly related to recent climate change, that alter the volume of water in the global ocean: i) thermal expansion (Section 5.5.3), and ii) the exchange of water between oceans and other reservoirs (glaciers and ice caps, ice sheets, other land water reservoirs - including through anthropogenic change in land hydrology, and the atmosphere; Section 5.5.5).

To extract the signal of sea level change due to ocean water volume and other oceanographic change, land motions need to be removed from the tide gauge measurement.

Even very small changes in ocean volume add up to a lot of sea level rise.

Glacial periods during the 100,000 - year cycles have been characterised by a very slow build - up of ice which took thousands of years, the result of ice volume responding to orbital change far more slowly than the ocean temperatures reacted.

The resulting picture shows that ice volume has changed much more dramatically than ocean temperatures in response to changes in orbital geometry.

Whether it exists as ice or water, it still has the same mass, it still displaces the same volume and there's no change in the volume of the ocean if it melts.

Dr. Curry implies (as far as I understood it) The «stadium wave» hypothesis is based by interplay between North Atlantic Ocean temperatures oscillation (AMO) and the changes in the sea ice volumes in the Siberian Arctic Ocean region.

SLR satellite data includes things such as the «GIA Adjustment» — which is the amount of SLR that there would have been if the ocean basin hadn't increased in volume and in the case of this new study, how much higher the sea surface would have been if it had not been suppressed by the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption, another correction for ENSO / PDO «computed via a joint cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function (CSEOF) analysis of altimeter GMSL, GRACE land water storage, and Argo - based thermosteric sea level from 2005 to present», as well as other additions and adjustments — NONE OF WHICH can actually be found manifested in any change to the physical Sea Surface Height.»

► Eustatic sea - level rise is a change in global average sea level brought about by an increase in the volume of the world ocean.

http://www.vukcevic.talktalk.net/NFC1.htm http://www.vukcevic.talktalk.net/LFC20.htm Re UV: This is a copy of a note I wrote some 5 - 6 years ago with minor changes (I occasionally quote it here and there since I think it still has some merit) Both UV and the particle radiation (particle radiation is a function of solar activity and the strength of Van Allen belt, via the Earth's field strength) could have far larger indirect contribution by controlling plankton volumes, and in turn changing the oceans» clarity and CO2 absorption.

Sea level changes can be driven by either variations in the masses or volume of the oceans («eustatic»), or by changes of the sea surface relative to the land («relative»).

Eustatic change (as opposed to local change) results in an alteration to the global sea levels due to changes in either the volume of water in the world's oceans or net changes in the volume of the ocean basins.

Just divide the volume change by the total ocean surface area, 360 million square km.

In almost all IPCC models under climate change forcing, the ocean occupies a fixed geographical volume.

The global mean sea level trend is corrected for the Glacial Isostatic Adjustment using the ICE5G - VM2 GIA model (Peltier, 2004) to take into account the associated volume changes of the ocean.

In all of these simple models, we assume the atmosphere to have a volume as fixed as a bathtub, we assume that the atmosphere / ocean system is a closed system, we assume that the incoming radiation from the Sun is constant, we assume no turbulence, we assume no viscosity, we assume radiative equilibrium with no feedback lag, we take no account of water vapor flux assuming it to be constant, no change in albedo from changes in land use, glacier lengthening and shortening, no volcanic eruptions, no feedbacks from vegetation.

Gornitz et al. (1997) do not include a term from lake volume changes, because they assume the water extracted for irrigation largely enters the ground water rather than the world ocean, so we take zero as the lower limit.

The former redistributes ocean volume within the basins, while the latter alters Earth's gravitational field and rate of rotation enough to change the distribution of ocean mass around the surface of the Earth.

A recent comprehensive review [7] reveals that there are still wide uncertainties about the Earth's sea - level history that are especially large for time scales of tens of millions of years or longer, which is long enough for substantial changes in the shape and volume of ocean basins.

To a first approximation, sea - level changes reflect the volume of ocean water bound in continental ice sheets during the ice ages.

b) volumetric effects — change in the volume of water contained in the oceans and the geometry and areal extent of the ocean basins c) gravitational effects — change in the gravitational attraction of the earth (induced by deformation), by the change in distribution of ice and by the change in self - attraction of the water d) rotational effects — change in the moment of inertia caused by a change in the distribution of mass within the earth and on its surface.

«If we correct our data to remove [the effect of rising land], it actually does cause the rate of sea level (a.k.a. ocean water volume change) rise to be bigger,» Nerem wrote.

However, the uncertainty in the reconstructed sea level is tens of metres and the uncertainty in the Mg / Ca temperature is sufficient to encompass the result from our δ18O prescription, which has comparable contributions of ice volume change and deep ocean temperature change at the Late Eocene glaciation of Antarctica.

In the ocean and atmosphere interface the direction and rate of flow is determined by pressure and the volume by the phase changes of water.

When one adds DLR it just behaves like a tributary joining a river because pressure having set the background upward rate of flow (rather than gravity) the phase changes of water ensure that only the volume (quantity) of the energy flow changes from ocean skin upward.

Although ice volume and deep ocean temperature changes contributed comparable amounts to δ18O change on average over the full range from 35 Myr to 20 kyr BP, the temperature change portion of the δ18O change must decrease as the deep ocean temperature approaches the freezing point [43].

For example, if water is being warmed on the surface, and then that warmer water is moved down to the deep ocean due to trade winds during La Nina, changing equations to volume and total energy is unnecessary.»

The question then becomes one of how much the TOA imbalance may vary by natural climate change and how long it takes the TOA imbalace to be evenly distributed across most of the volume of the global ocean.

Dr. Lambeck's team used the Roman fish tanks to reach the conclusion that global ocean volume had not changed much from the Roman era to the 19th century.

A: The volume integral (heat balance equation) as presented in Pielke (2003) http://blue.atmos.colostate.edu/publications/pdf/R-247.pdf suggests that the changes in ocean heat storage averaged over a year are a snapshot of the radiative imbalance at the top of the atmosphere.

Climate change indicators: Global Mean Temperature (GMT); Hemispheric Temperature Variance; Greenhouse gases; Arctic, Antarctic Ice Extent and Volume; Ocean Oscillations; Sea Level Rise (SLR); Solar Cycle Data; Sea Surface Temperatures and Anomalies; Global Fire Activity, Drought.

There is a variety of physical processes that can contribute to changes in ocean volume, including tectonic activity, undersea eruptions of magma and thermal vents, and silt deposition.

And I DO know that ANYTHING that changes the volume of the ocean OR the volume of the ocean basins by 36O km ^ 3 will result in a change in sea level by 1 mm.