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Not exact matches
Darin Toohey, a professor at the University of Colorado's atmospheric and
oceanic sciences department and one of the paper's authors, says black carbon absorbs shortwave radiation from the sun, causing the
atmosphere to heat up.
JW — We can make an educated calculation of the likely temperature,
atmosphere,
oceanic conditions and overall environment on the post Hadean Period Earth.
It helps lay a foundation that scientists can apply to make predictions about what would allow life to alter exoplanets»
atmospheres, and may inspire deeper studies, here on Earth, of how
oceanic - atmospheric chemistry drives climate instability and influences the rise and fall of life through the ages.
Supported by the Natural Environment Research Council, the Survey encompasses most British research in and around the Antarctic, with scientific interests ranging «from the outer limits of the Earth's
atmosphere to the depths of
oceanic trenches.»
«The tropical Pacific ocean -
atmosphere system has been called a sleeping dragon because of how it can influence climate elsewhere,» said lead author Aradhna Tripati, a UCLA assistant professor in the departments of Earth, planetary and space sciences, and atmospheric and
oceanic sciences.
Their analysis, which could discern human - derived nitrogen from natural nitrogen fixation, revealed that the
oceanic nitrate concentration increased significantly over the last 30 years in surface waters of the North Pacific due largely to the enhanced deposition of nitrogen from the
atmosphere.
This pattern is not caused by particular
oceanic conditions or heating of Earth's surface, but instead arises from naturally varying conditions of the
atmosphere.
They account for at least half of all
oceanic biomass and produce half of the oxygen in our
atmosphere.
But volcanoes were still spewing into the
atmosphere large amounts of carbon from recycled
oceanic crust.
As long as rapid continental weathering continued, carbonate was deposited on the
oceanic crust and subducted into what Lowe calls «a big storage facility... that kept most of the carbon dioxide out of the
atmosphere.»
These
oceanic shifts conspire with the
atmosphere to alter global weather by increasing the odds of drought, heavy rain and cool or hot temperatures in different parts of the world.
ENSO events, for example, can warm or cool ocean surface temperatures through exchange of heat between the surface and the reservoir stored beneath the
oceanic mixed layer, and by changing the distribution and extent of cloud cover (which influences the radiative balance in the lower
atmosphere).
And as both researchers made clear, neither idea addresses the rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the
atmosphere that is primarily to blamefor global warming and higher levels of
oceanic acid.
ENSO events, for example, can warm or cool ocean surface temperatures through exchange of heat between the surface and the reservoir stored beneath the
oceanic mixed layer, and by changing the distribution and extent of cloud cover (which influences the radiative balance in the lower
atmosphere).
While Methane and Nitrous oxide gases are more short lived, Co2 is long lived in the
atmosphere, so stopping some of the gases will not eliminate the long term forcing on the
oceanic thermal absorption.
There is no reason to expect a trend reversal (unless you have some new data and modeling you would like to share (that has made it through peer review and peer response and survived)-RRB- to to the amount of forcing in the system, the lifetime of Co2 in the
atmosphere, the human industrial output and the
oceanic thermal inertia and lag time for absorption.
If that does not happen, then we can only conclude that something other than the state of the
atmosphere is the principal driver of
oceanic temperatures.
Warming of the oceans leads to increased vertical stratification (decreased mixing between the different levels in the oceans), which would reduce CO2 uptake, in effect, reducing the
oceanic volume available to CO2 absorption from the
atmosphere.
Now, as I pointed out in an earlier post (# 104), there IS some evidence of a trend toward serious
oceanic heating beginning roughly 21 years after 1979 (i.e., 2000), which suggests that this could be due to heat transfer from the
atmosphere beginning in ca 1979.
Victor wrote at 205, «Now, as I pointed out in an earlier post (# 104), there IS some evidence of a trend toward serious
oceanic heating beginning roughly 21 years after 1979 (i.e., 2000), which suggests that this could be due to heat transfer from the
atmosphere beginning in ca 1979.»
Melting permafrost outgasses CO2 and methane, and the decrease in sea ice allows
oceanic CO2 to mix back into the
atmosphere; taken together, these processes greatly amplify the effect of increased sunlight, driving a relatively rapid exodus from the ice age.
# 192 «For example a strengthening of wind over some
oceanic region http://web.science.unsw.edu.au/~matthew/nclimate2106-incl-SI.pdf then would increase the heat flow
atmosphere - > ocean, leading to lower (dynamic) equilibrium temperature in the
atmosphere which of course occurs very fast, as the thermal mass of the
atmosphere is very low compared to the net energy throughput.»
Based on findings related to
oceanic acidity levels during the PETM and on calculations about the cycling of carbon among the oceans, air, plants and soil, Dickens and co-authors Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii and James Zachos of the University of California - Santa Cruz determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere increased by about 70 percent during the PETM.
Given that the answer to this for atmospheric models is a resounding «NO» (particularly because of sub-grid scale processes which need to be effectively pre-ordained through parameterizations), and given that
oceanic circulations have much longer adjustment time scales, yet also have much more intense small scale (gyre) circulations than the
atmosphere, my instinct is that we are not even close to being able to trust ocean models without long term validation data.
The oceans, which provide part of the boundary conditions for the
atmosphere, also have sufficient time to change appreciably, and the change in the
oceanic state must be taken into account.
They are partitioned between the
atmosphere and
oceanic or terrestrial sinks.
The mechanism by which the
oceanic effect is transferred to the
atmosphere involves evaporation, convection, clouds and rainfall the significance of which has to date been almost entirely ignored due to the absence of any relevant figures.
To resolve that aspect one need only consider that convective overturning involves the entire mass of the
atmosphere reacting to huge variations induced by solar and
oceanic processes.
The current assumption that the
oceanic oscillations are «just» a mechanism for redistributing heat already available to the
atmosphere must be wrong.
The interplay between mile - thick ice sheets, a warming
atmosphere, and shifting
oceanic currents has been a tough task for scientists to tackle.
For every degree C rise in temperature the
atmosphere increases its moisture content by 7 % stemming from added
oceanic evaporation.
where is the vertically integrated energy flux in the
atmosphere, is the net radiative energy input to an atmospheric column (the difference between absorbed shortwave radiation and emitted longwave radiation), and is the
oceanic energy uptake at the surface.
The mechanism by which the effect of
oceanic variability over time is transferred to the
atmosphere involves evaporation, conduction, convection, clouds and rainfall the significance of which has to date been almost entirely ignored due to the absence of the necessary data especially as regards the effect of cloudiness changes on global albedo and thus the amount of solar energy able to enter the oceans.
The radiative Greenhouse Effect is continually overridden as a result of the size of the constant interlinked changes in both the solar energy input to the oceans and the
oceanic heat inputs to the
atmosphere.
Huge amounts of past solar energy are locked in the oceans and only released to the
atmosphere when internal
oceanic mechanisms deign to release it.
The current assumption that the
oceanic oscillations are «just» a mechanism for geographically redistributing heat already available to the
atmosphere must be wrong.
In most AOGCMs, the variability can be understood as a damped
oceanic eigenmode that is stochastically excited by the
atmosphere.
In the initiating region there would be a net flux from the internal source (presumably
oceanic) into the
atmosphere and out through TOA (local negative feedback) and the reverse of this in the larger responding region.
As for the consistency in sign, my rule of thumb has been that there is no significant communication between the north and south polar regions through the
atmosphere (this comes up in the context of glacial - interglacial fluctuations) so it would have to be
oceanic.
3) In my comment https://judithcurry.com/2011/08/04/carbon-cycle-questions/#comment-198992 I have proved, that the recent increase of CO2 content in
atmosphere has been mainly caused by global warming of
oceanic sea surfaces, especially in the areas where CO2 sinks on sea surface are; sea surfaces on the areas of CO2 sinks are warming by lag compared to climate warming.
The AMO1 (compressed) time sequence is a bit perplexing, but it is to do with North Icelandic Jet current, major player in the Nordic Seas summer
oceanic heat release into
atmosphere.
Here we present a means to estimate this natural flux by a separation of
oceanic carbon anomalies into those created by biogenic processes and those created by CO2 exchange between the ocean and
atmosphere.
For starters the heat capacity of the
atmosphere is at least two orders of magnitude below the
oceanic mixed layer, which is what CO2 radiative forcing heats.
Estimates of lags of CO2 seem to range from 800 years to about 1500 years, which is suggestive of
oceanic upwellings and downwellings as being a prime cause of CO2 changes in the
atmosphere.