Sentences with phrase «oceanic carbon»

But these sinks, critical in the effort to soak up some of our greenhouse gas emissions, may be stopping up, thanks to deforestation, and human - induced weather changes that are causing the oceanic carbon dioxide «sponge» to weaken, a new study led by Fraser and detailed in the May 18 issue of the journal Science found.

Given that we must get off fossil fuels anyway and that virtually all scientists agree that dramatically increasing atmospheric and oceanic carbon levels is insane, the faster we achieve sustainability, the better.

Long, M. C., Lindsay, K., Peacock, S., Moore, J. K. & Doney, S. C. Twentieth - century oceanic carbon uptake and storage in CESM1 (BGC).

Thus it is equivalent of 9 — 17 years worth of cumulative oceanic carbon uptake at the current uptake rate.

Here we present a means to estimate this natural flux by a separation of oceanic carbon anomalies into those created by biogenic processes and those created by CO2 exchange between the ocean and atmosphere.

Interactions among microorganisms account for nitrite accumulation just below the sunlit zone, with implications for oceanic carbon and nitrogen cycling.

The existence of this oceanic carbon pump also raises questions about the need for a large terrestrial carbon sink in the Northern Hemisphere, as postulated by Tans et al. 3, to balance the present global carbon budget.

We propose that the recent disproportionate rise and fall in CO2 growth rate were caused mainly by interannual variations in global air temperature (which altered both the terrestrial biospheric and the oceanic carbon sinks), and possibly also by precipitation.

How should models of the oceanic carbon reservoir take these data into account?

Our findings have significance for global carbon cycling, oceanic carbon sequestration, and the cellular biology of coccolithophores.

Mouchet, A., and L. François, 1996: Sensitivity of a global oceanic carbon cycle model to the circulation and to the fate of organic matter: Preliminary results.

But I am puzzled by your comment on oceanic carbon uptake, because this issue has no bearing on the question.

«Insights into oceanic carbon transformations — including the oxygen dependence of organic carbon respiration — can be gained by studying the anoxic Black Sea,» said Margolin.

University of Rhode Island Estimates of contemporary global air - sea carbon dioxide (CO2) flux (Takahashi et al. 2009; Landschützer et al. 2014) suggest that subtropical western boundary currents (WBCs) and their zonal extensions are key regions of oceanic carbon uptake (Figure 1a).

Documented chemical behavior of these metals, which correlates with previously observed disturbances in oceanic carbon, oxygen and sulphur signatures, strongly suggests that these metal increases resulted from reductions of ocean oxygenation.

If carbon - containing fallout from the upper ocean falls fast enough, it bypasses diversions by other creatures and reaches depths where nothing much happens to it for a long time, says Sari Giering of the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton, England, where she studies oceanic carbon.

Not exact matches

Darin Toohey, a professor at the University of Colorado's atmospheric and oceanic sciences department and one of the paper's authors, says black carbon absorbs shortwave radiation from the sun, causing the atmosphere to heat up.

Similarly, the anoxic ocean at the end of the Permian period (around 250 million years ago) was associated with elevated carbon dioxide and massive terrestrial and oceanic extinctions.

The combination of the ashfall and oceanic dead zone concentrated enough carbon to form hydrocarbons.

Those shifts most likely stem from the copious quantities of carbon dioxide spewed by fossil fuel — fired power plants that are changing the climate and, thus, the tiny plants known as phytoplankton that serve as the base of the oceanic food chain.

«These superdeep diamonds contained much less carbon - 13, which is most consistent with an origin in the organic component found in altered oceanic crust.»

But volcanoes were still spewing into the atmosphere large amounts of carbon from recycled oceanic crust.

As long as rapid continental weathering continued, carbonate was deposited on the oceanic crust and subducted into what Lowe calls «a big storage facility... that kept most of the carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.»

Unicellular photosynthetic microbes — phytoplankton — are responsible for virtually all oceanic primary production, which fuels marine food webs and plays a fundamental role in the global carbon cycle.

Carbonates are important constituents of marine sediments and are heavily involved in the planet's deep carbon cycle, primarily due to oceanic crust sinking into the mantle, a process called subduction.

, Journal of Geophysical Research, 116 This one finds found that North Atlantic oceanic currents play a greater role in the absorption of carbon than previously thought by the IPCC report 2.

ref Specifically, reducing land - based sources of pollution (nutrient runoff and sedimentation) has been identified as an important approach to address acidification in coastal waters because nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen and land - based carbon inputs can increase the acidity of coastal and oceanic waters.

The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition (the concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane); changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles (and possibly the Sun's orbit around the galaxy); the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the Earth's surface, which could affect wind and ocean currents; variations in solar output; the orbital dynamics of the Earth - Moon system; and the impact of relatively large meteorites, and volcanism including eruptions of supervolcanoes.

Basically, although the gas is indeed easily absorbed by sea - water, it is the timescales that matter: mixing of shallow and deep oceanic waters takes place over hundreds to thousands of years but sea - water can de-gas parts of its carbon dioxide payload over much, much shorter periods.

However, the ocean's ability to absorb anthropogenic carbon or to provide sufficient food for humankind depends on these oceanic material cycles.

The month - long sea campaign across the Pacific on the research vessel Falkor will monitor the diversity of oceanic phytoplankton, microscopic plant - like organisms, and their impact on the marine carbon cycle.

And as both researchers made clear, neither idea addresses the rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere that is primarily to blamefor global warming and higher levels of oceanic acid.

The impact of higher temperature and marine productivity is evaluated in the model as a result of higher atmospheric carbon dioxide and oceanic nutrient concentrations.

Under the right circumstances glaciers melt abruptly, regional forests and soil become carbon emitters abruptly, and oceanic / atmospheric currents shift abruptly, leading to rapid global warming.

Based on findings related to oceanic acidity levels during the PETM and on calculations about the cycling of carbon among the oceans, air, plants and soil, Dickens and co-authors Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii and James Zachos of the University of California - Santa Cruz determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased by about 70 percent during the PETM.

Focusing on the Permian - Triassic boundary, Gregory Ryskin [1] explores the possibility that mass extinction can be caused by an extremely fast, explosive release of dissolved methane (and other dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide) that accumulated in the oceanic water masses prone to stagnation and anoxia (e.g., in silled basins).

If so, I think we want to include tightly coupled chemical and biological processes, in that case — for example, the chemical fate of atmospheric methane over time, the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 on oceanic acid - base chemistry, and the response of the biological components of the carbon cycle to increased temperatures and a changing hydrologic cycle.

That problem of the great oceanic «carbon buffer» is one that has troubled climate and oceanic scientists for many years.

Water temperature, «sea roughness», the changing patterns of oceanic circulation, and the use of carbon by marine creatures - all of these factors play up against one another.

Thus, these microscopic bacteria perform a huge function in helping determine the oceanic ecosystem response to the cycling of carbon under climate change.

We use the13C / 12C ratio of atmospheric CO2 to distinguish the effects of interannual variations in biospheric and oceanic sources and sinks of carbon.

Anomalies in the oceanic carbonate system recorded in marine sediments at the time3, for example while coral reefs were forming, apparently left no signature on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.

The other point about volcanic emissions: the majority of the activity is in the oceanic spreading zones, which release carbon into the water, but because it is absorbed by the water, the gas isn't released for some time, sometimes up to 1000 years.

Note how the oceanic flux is negative - indicating loss of carbon from the ocean.

(f) In evaluating the above consequences of the doubling of the CO2, one has to consider the dissolution of CO2 in oceanic water and also that, together with carbon, a part of atmospheric oxygen is also transferred into carbonates.

O2 is also a biological metabolite, and the microbial and oceanic phytoplankton biosphere is still a vast undiscovered wilderness and extremely difficult to quantify — do we really know the carbon isotope types and volumes emitted by ALL oceanic phytoplankton and algae?

If that is the case, the additional carbon dioxide being emitted by China, India and other developing countries could bring a major additional benefit: helping to protect wildlife habitats, enhance oceanic biota and preserve crop yields under sub-optimal climatic conditions.»

While coral reefs only cover 0.0025 percent of the oceanic floor, they generate half of Earth's oxygen and absorb nearly one - third of the carbon dioxide generated from burning fossil fuels.

The oceanic flora (viz. seagrasses, seaweed) and the ocean floor itself holds ancient carbon stores.

They include the physical, chemical and biological processes that control the oceanic storage of carbon, and are calibrated against geochemical and isotopic constraints on how ocean carbon storage has changed over the decades and carbon storage in terrestrial vegetation and soils, and how it responds to increasing CO2, temperature, rainfall and other factors.