«You don't have to believe in climate change to believe that this is happening,» said Joanie Kleypas,
an oceanographer with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, a non-profit organization based in Boulder, Colo. «It's pretty much simple thermodynamics.»
It's really strange,» said Bill Peterson,
oceanographer with NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center in Newport, Ore. «It looks like an El Niño, but it really isn't.
Working alongside her was Dr Mandy Joye,
an oceanographer with more than 25 years of experience in marine sciences.
«With coral reefs facing a myriad of threats,» said Kimberly Puglise,
an oceanographer with NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, «the finding of extensive reefs off Maui provides managers with a unique opportunity to ensure that future activities in the region, such as cable laying, dredging dump sites, and deep sewer outfalls, do not irreparably damage these reefs.»
Arthur A. Allen, a physical
oceanographer with the U.S. Coast Guard Office of Search and Rescue in Washington, D.C., answers (as told to Adam Hadhazy):
«This is not a sensational «cephalopods are taking over the world's oceans» story,» says Paul Rodhouse, a biological
oceanographer with the British Antarctic Survey in Cambridge, U.K. Further climate change could have unpredictable effects, squeezing generation times to less than a year and throwing off some species» annual mating gatherings in the process.
Little was known of the life cycle of internal waves that can reach as high as a 100 - story building yet barely cause a ripple on the ocean's surface, said Harper Simmons,
an oceanographer with the UAF School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences.
«We've known for a number of years that the oceans take up a lot of CO2,» says Christopher Sabine, a chemical
oceanographer with the NOAA office in Seattle.
«While hurricanes are catastrophic events, the salt marsh doesn't respond catastrophically,» says Neil Kamal Ganju, a co-author and research
oceanographer with USGS in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
The EIFEX paper is «a careful scientific study» that has «refined our understanding of biogeochemical processes that influence climate,» adds John Cullen,
an oceanographer with Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada.
«A decline in the saturation state of carbonate minerals, especially aragonite, is a good indicator of a rise in ocean acidification,» said Li - Qing Jiang,
an oceanographer with NOAA's Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites at the University of Maryland and lead author.
The paper shows «a massive shift» in the behavior of the Arctic Ocean over a short time, says Finlo Cottier, a physical
oceanographer with the Scottish Association for Marine Science in Oban who was not part of the study team.
One unknown is how the addition of massive flows of freshwater from Siberian rivers, bolstered by thawing permafrost, could affect the system, says study co-author Eddy Carmack,
an oceanographer with Fisheries and Oceans Canada in Sidney.
Oceanographers with their thermometers in Earth's biggest reservoir of heat — the world's ocean — report in a paper to be published in Geophysical Research Letters that greenhouse warming has in fact been proceeding apace the past decade, not to mention the past half century.
Not exact matches
When the firm was working on a project for Red Lobster, it invited Robert Ballard, the
oceanographer who discovered the wreck of the Titanic; he helped the team explore the association between its corporate identity and mankind's eternal fascination
with the ocean.
Physical
oceanographer Noel Pelland and colleagues compared the migrations of 168 seal pups tagged in five different years from 1996 to 2015
with winds matching the pups» first migration years.
Richard Brodeur, a NOAA fisheries
oceanographer and author on the study, said that while most of these fish will adapt to their new surroundings, some will move into less habitable waters
with perhaps less available food.
When confronted
with the difficulties of space exploration,
oceanographers tend to have a snappy retort.
In August 2015, University of Delaware
oceanographer Andreas Muenchow and colleagues deployed the first UD ocean sensors underneath Petermann Glacier in North Greenland, which connects the great Greenland ice sheet directly
with the ocean.
This technique, first developed by the military in the 1960s to identify submarine locations
with pinpoint accuracy, allows
oceanographers to map the seafloor
with as much detail as the moon.
So send in a bot, says David Holland, an
oceanographer at New York University, who teamed up
with the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) to deploy a five - foot - long autonomous submarine beneath an iceberg off the coast of Greenland.
In 1991 Delaney, an
oceanographer at the University of Washington, went out for a drink one evening
with Alan Chave, an ocean engineer and marine geophysicist based at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Oceanographers there are seeing big trouble
with the Gulf Stream, which warms both North America and Europe
Ryan, for instance, is a biological
oceanographer by training, yet regularly works
with engineers and computer scientists for his research.
Also we don't know about the air quality issue, and we're concerned about our kids,» said Enrique Curchitser, an
oceanographer visiting NCAR
with wife and children this summer from Rutgers University.
Expedition member and GERG scientist Kathryn Shamberger, a Texas A&M
oceanographer who took measurements at the reef in late September, said the team is collaborating
with scientists across Texas to track the plume of Harvey floodwater as it migrates through the Gulf.
1 One proposal, first suggested in the late 1980s by
oceanographer John Martin of the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories in California, involves seeding ocean surfaces
with iron to promote phytoplankton blooms that will soak up carbon dioxide, eventually exporting it into the deep ocean.
Victor Smetacek, the German
oceanographer who led the expedition along
with Victor Wajih Naqvi, an Indian geochemist, says that result means that iron fertilization has a much lower sequestration potential for atmospheric CO2 and, thus, will play a smaller role in fighting climate change than previously expected.
Dolphin tracking is traditionally done
with boats or planes, but that's expensive, says study coauthor Kaitlin Frasier, an
oceanographer at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif..
But the 66 - year - old physical
oceanographer believes that a lifetime spent first doing, and then managing, science is valuable training for running an organization dedicated to helping its 60,000 members keep up
with a rapidly changing field.
«Based on the data that they have, even though it's circumstantial, it's a nice story,» says Richard Thomson, a physical
oceanographer at Fisheries and Oceans Canada who was not involved
with the study.
«This project was a cohesive dynamic of three scientists from different research backgrounds coming together to investigate a fascinating observation,» says Hartwell, the paper's lead author and an
oceanographer affiliated
with the University of Akron and the University of Alaska Fairbanks.
The space / time patterns created by those empirical approaches are inconsistent
with how
oceanographers think the oceans should work, he noted.
«It's anywhere from 10 to 100 times faster than anything we've seen over the last million years,» said Richard Feely, a chemical
oceanographer and senior researcher
with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
«Now is the time to speak up — we're looking for ideas,» said
oceanographer Shirley Pomponi, the co-chair of a blue ribbon panel charged
with advising NSF on the issue, here on Tuesday at the 2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting.
«This effect could add up in future warm periods and thus weaken the convection — especially
with regard to the rising temperatures and increased melting,» the
oceanographer concludes.
«In terms of emissions, right now we're more likely on the orange line than on the blue, «said co-author Ken Denman, an
oceanographer at the University of Victoria in Canada who is affiliated
with Environment Canada.
«This is the beginning of evidence that some microbes in the Gulf may be preconditioned to survive
with oil, at least at lower concentrations,» said Ajit Subramaniam, an
oceanographer at Columbia University's Lamont - Doherty Earth Observatory and coauthor of the study.
«Our original goal was to double what the Japanese have achieved
with absorption capacity,» says PNNL chemical
oceanographer Gary Gill.
«These environmental and animal observations are noisy data, so whatever we find, we have to take
with a grain of salt,» said Erdem Karaköylü, a Goddard Earth science data analyst and
oceanographer who joined the team during its expansion.
The center, which sits in a research park developed by the University of Maryland, will also oversee a partnership
with the school that will pair undergraduates studying atmospheric and oceanic science
with federal researchers, and enable the students to become government - certified meteorologists and
oceanographers.
Targeting scientific pursuits closer to home, Microsoft Research developed software designed to help
oceanographers at the University of Washington in Seattle, along
with other oceanography organizations
with their North East Pacific Time - series Undersea Networked Experiments, or NEPTUNE program.
To study those impacts, the glaciologists are teaming up
with ecologists,
oceanographers, biologists and botanists to assess how socio - economically important species like salmon are likely to fare in the warmer Alaska of the future.
Cimino will return to Antarctica next month to begin working
with physical
oceanographers from University of Alaska and Rutgers, through funding from the National Science Foundation.
In one feature,
oceanographer Edie Widder finds that the dark abyss of the ocean actually crackles
with enigmatic flashes from light - emitting creatures.
Looking at conditions over shorter periods of time, such as seasons, would provide more helpful detail, says Frank Muller - Karger, a biological
oceanographer at the University of South Florida in St Petersburg who has been comparing EMUs
with weekly maps of coastal changes made using satellite imagery.
«We know
with certainty what's going to happen to the seawater chemistry,» says Victoria Fabry, a biological
oceanographer at California State University at San Marcos.
They were Jorge Sarmiento, an
oceanographer at Princeton University who constructs ocean - circulation models that calculate how much atmospheric carbon dioxide eventually goes into the world's oceans; Eileen Claussen, executive director of the Pew Center for Global Climate Change in Washington, D.C.; and David Keith, a physicist
with the University of Calgary in Alberta who designs technological solutions to the global warming problem.
Pedler, a marine biology graduate student at Scripps, spent several years working
with Scripps marine microbiologist Azam and chemical
oceanographer Aluwihare in designing a system that would precisely measure carbon consumption by individual bacterial species.
«This effect could add up in future warm periods and thus weaken the convection - especially
with regard to the rising temperatures and increased melting», the
oceanographer concludes.