Sentences with phrase «oceans and atmosphere millions»

Not exact matches

With our planet screaming its accelerating anguish via contaminated oceans, poisoned soils and polluted atmosphere — we indifferently add 80 million of ourselves annually and one billion more every 12 years.

«Our work pinpoints the time when the ocean began accumulating oxygen at levels that would substantially change the ocean's chemistry and it's about 250 million years earlier than what we knew for the atmosphere.

Oxygen in the atmosphere and ocean rose dramatically about 600 million years ago, coinciding with the first proliferation of animal life.

«We argue that it was the establishment of the modern deep ocean circulation — the ocean conveyor — about 2.7 million years ago, and not a major change in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere that triggered an expansion of the ice sheets in the northern hemisphere,» says Stella Woodard, lead author and a post-doctoral researcher in the Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences.

«We're trying to understand how what we're doing to the Earth's atmosphere and oceans will play out in the future,» says Bette Otto - Bliesner, who runs a full - complexity climate model — and its 1.5 million lines of code — through a supercomputer named Yellowstone at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder.

Scientists believe that the different pattern of deep ocean circulation was responsible for the elevated temperatures 3 million years ago when the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere was arguably what it is now and the temperature was 4 degree Fahrenheit higher.

As a result — and for reasons that remain unexplained — the waters of the Southern Ocean may have begun to release carbon dioxide, enough to raise concentrations in the atmosphere by more than 100 parts per million over millennia — roughly equivalent to the rise in the last 200 years.

«If all of the Earth's water is on the surface, that gives us one interpretation of the water cycle, where we can think of water cycling from oceans into the atmosphere and into the groundwater over millions of years,» she said.

Covering nearly 5.5 million square miles, the frozen mass exerts an enormous influence on the global climate, reflecting sunlight back into space and cooling Earth's atmosphere and oceans.

With little oxygen available to convert that hydrogen into water, hydrogen gas probably accumulated in the atmosphere and oceans in concentrations as high as hundreds to thousands of parts per million.

«There is an event documented in sediments from 55 million years ago called the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum, during which (allegedly) several thousand Gton C of methane was released to the atmosphere and ocean, driving 5 ° C warming of the intermediate depth ocean.

Then, last year, after analyzing crust samples collected from the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, scientists estimated that our planet had, sometime between 2.6 million and 1.5 million years ago, been buffeted by supernovae shock waves — ones that left their mark not only on Earth's surface but also affected its atmosphere.

The only time period that remotely resembles the ocean changes happening today, based on geologic records, was 56 million years ago when carbon mysteriously doubled in the atmosphere, global temperatures rose by approximately six degrees and ocean pH dropped sharply, driving up ocean acidity and causing a mass extinction among single - celled ocean organisms.

However, comparison of the global, annual mean time series of near - surface temperature (approximately 0 to 5 m depth) from this analysis and the corresponding SST series based on a subset of the International Comprehensive Ocean - Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) database (approximately 134 million SST observations; Smith and Reynolds, 2003 and additional data) shows a high correlation (r = 0.96) for the period 1955 to 2005.

The world's oceans came close to an acidic catastrophe one other time about 55 million years ago, when the temperature of the Earth spiked and large amounts of methane and / or carbon dioxide flooded the atmosphere.

Kolbert brilliantly and engagingly combines science and travel writing to fully reveal how our use of fossil fuels is rapidly changing the atmosphere, the oceans, and the climate, potentially forcing millions of species into extinction and putting our own future at risk.

Hundreds of millions of cars around the planet are releasing vast amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every day, causing ocean acidification and global warming.

On million - year time scales, CO2 levels change due to tectonic activity, which affects the rates of CO2 exchange of ocean and atmosphere with the solid Earth.

Whether we look at the steady increase in global temperature; the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to the highest level in a half - million years; the march of warmest - ever years (9 of the10 hottest on record have occurred since 2000); the dramatic shrinking of mountain glaciers and Arctic sea ice; the accelerating rise in sea level; or the acidification of our oceans; the tale told by the evidence is consistent and it is compelling.

In Northeast Land and Svalbard, the melting waters on the ice caps are the tears of the Earth mourning the future death of men and civilizations as the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere spikes and global warming proceeds rapidly, killing millions of marine organisms, and increasing the acidification of the oceans.

However, comparison of the global, annual mean time series of near - surface temperature (approximately 0 to 5 m depth) from this analysis and the corresponding SST series based on a subset of the International Comprehensive Ocean - Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) database (approximately 134 million SST observations; Smith and Reynolds, 2003 and additional data) shows a high correlation (r = 0.96) for the period 1955 to 2005.

Our planet's atmosphere and oceans are heating up ten times faster than anytime in the last 65 million years.

Much of the warming, he says, stems from fluctuations in temperature that have occurred for millions of years — explained by complicated natural changes in equilibrium between the oceans and the atmosphere — and the latest period of warming will not result in catastrophe.

-- «They are the base of the food chain... if there's no plankton, there's no fish in the oceans... And they take CO2 out of the atmosphere by taking it into the interior of the ocean where it can be stored for thousands of millions of years so they're an essential buffer against climate change due to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere»

The Shell document says: «Both our (oceans and mountains) scenarios and the IEA New Policies scenario (and our base case energy demand and outlook) do not limit emissions to be consistent with the back - calculated 450 parts per million (Co2 in the atmosphere) 2 degrees C.»

«Thus, human beings are now carrying out a large scale geophysical experiment of the kind that could not have happened in the past... Within a few centuries we are returning to the atmosphere and oceans the concentrated organic carbon stored in sedimentary rocks over hundreds of millions of years.»

According to Wikipedia they explain the RE by saying: «If CO2 in the atmosphere is increased by one part per million, the CO2 in the ocean is increased by only a tenth of a part per million, because of the way that the carbon dioxide in the water is partitioned between carbonate ions and bicarbonate ions and free CO2.

It seems this happened 55 million years ago, when gradual warming of the atmosphere penetrated to the ocean depths and unlocked the methane, which caused a much greater warming that resulted in the extinction of millions of species.

GFDL NOAA (Msadek et al.), 4.82 (4.33 - 5.23), Modeling Our prediction for the September - averaged Arctic sea ice extent is 4.82 million square kilometers, with an uncertainty range going between 4.33 and 5.23 million km2 Our estimate is based on the GFDL CM2.1 ensemble forecast system in which both the ocean and atmosphere are initialized on August 1 using a coupled data assimilation system.

The world's leading coral biologist, Charles Veron, warns us that unless CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere are reduced to below 350 parts per million soon, coral reefs and reef - dependent marine life will be committed to a terminal and irreversible decline due to global warming and ocean acidification.

Since to me (and many scientists, although some wanted a lot more corroborative evidence, which they've also gotten) it makes absolutely no sense to presume that the earth would just go about its merry way and keep the climate nice and relatively stable for us (though this rare actual climate scientist pseudo skeptic seems to think it would, based upon some non scientific belief — see second half of this piece), when the earth changes climate easily as it is, climate is ultimately an expression of energy, it is stabilized (right now) by the oceans and ice sheets, and increasing the number of long term thermal radiation / heat energy absorbing and re radiating molecules to levels not seen on earth in several million years would add an enormous influx of energy to the lower atmosphere earth system, which would mildly warm the air and increasingly transfer energy to the earth over time, which in turn would start to alter those stabilizing systems (and which, with increasing ocean energy retention and accelerating polar ice sheet melting at both ends of the globe, is exactly what we've been seeing) and start to reinforce the same process until a new stases would be reached well after the atmospheric levels of ghg has stabilized.

The project will result in two thirds of a million tonnes less carbon dioxide going into the atmosphere each year, slowing climate and ocean acidity damage;

'' trying to come up with or re-post every possible argument under the sun to all but argue against the basic concept that radically altering the atmosphere on a multi million year basis is going to affect the net energy balance of earth, which over time is going to translate into a very different climate (and ocean level) than the one we've comfortably come to rely on.

Our oceans contain more than 4000x's the concentration of CO2 than our atmosphere, and are buffered by millions of square miles of limestone and other carbon absorbing minerals.

They also include models for things like: entry into and exit from Ice Ages, the effect of the Earth's orbit on climate, the earth's climate history on scales of thousands to millions of years, ocean - atmosphere couplings (e.g. heat transfer, CO2 sinks), decadal phenomena such as ENSO and the PDO.

While actual scientists are trying to piece together every little part of an otherwise almost un-piecable long term chaotic and variable system in response now to a massive increase in net lower atmospheric energy absorption and re radiation, Curry is busy — much like most of the comments on this site most of the time — trying to come up with or re-post every possible argument under the sun to all but argue against the basic concept that radically altering the atmosphere on a multi million year basis is going to affect the net energy balance of earth, which over time is going to translate into a very different climate (and ocean level) than the one we've comfortably come to rely on.

The SST data used here comprise over 80 million observations from the UK Main Marine Data Bank, the United States Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) and recent information telecommunicated from ships and buoys from the World Weather Watch.

On the other hand, there is absolutely no doubt that the burning of coal producing air pollution that kills millions world - wide each year and damages our atmosphere and our oceans through climate change.

Here we use a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model to simulate the climate of the mid-Pliocene warm period (about three million years ago), and analyse the forcings and feedbacks that contributed to the relatively warm temperatures.

It features components for the atmosphere, ocean, ocean sediment, land biosphere, and lithosphere and has been designed for global climate change simulations on time scales from years to millions of years.

I'm pretty sure the reason is because if you strip the ocean out of the coupled models the earth would be completely covered in snow in a matter of weeks and would stay the way for millions of years while CO2 built up in the atmosphere from volcanic discharges until it was as thick as the Venusion atmosphere and then it would be a runaway greenhouse same as Venus with the final stable state hot enough to melt lead on the surface.

Within only a few centuries we are returning to the atmosphere and oceans the concentrated organic carbon stored in sedimentary rocks over hundreds of millions of years.

The author tells us that on timescales of 35 million years and more the Earth actually «breathes,» exhaling carbon dioxide from volcanoes and hot springs (many of the latter undersea), and inhaling it from the atmosphere into the oceans and forests — and eventually into the rocky crust, or even the fiery mantle beneath.

There is an event documented in sediments from 55 million years ago called the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum, during which (allegedly) several thousand Gton C of methane was released to the atmosphere and ocean, driving 5 ° C warming of the intermediate depth ocean.

If just 1 % or even just half a percent of DWLWIR never reaches the oceans because it is blocked by very fine water droplets of spray and spume and is carried upwards into the atmosphere (rather than reconnecting with the oceans), then long term (over millions of years) the gross energy budget falls out of balance.

As the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere climbs to 400 parts per million and beyond, and the impacts of climate change become more unmistakable and destructive — rapid melting of Arctic Ocean ice, a rising incidence of extreme weather events — the case for extracting carbon from the atmosphere becomes increasingly compelling.