We have no idea, for example, how much of the atmospheric carbon being absorbed by the surface of
the oceans reaches the bottom, nor how long that takes.
Not exact matches
The Hollywood director should
reach the
bottom of the deepest
ocean trench this week.
This thin sliver of
ocean reaching under the ice turned out to be 10 meters deep, and the camera came to rest on the
bottom beneath it, revealing it to be muddy and strewn with pebbles — a flat, barren tract, devoid of any obvious signs of large marine life such as brittle stars, sponges or worms.
Without the ozone layer, ultraviolet rays from the sun would
reach the surface at nearly full force, causing skin cancer and, more seriously, killing off the tiny photosynthetic plankton in the
ocean that provide oxygen to the atmosphere and bolster the
bottom of the food chain.
The estimates were averaged to
reach their conclusion: China had at least 900
ocean - going vessels, with 345 in West Africa, including 256
bottom - trawlers.
Tides, storms and other disturbances in shallow water will stir up the
bottom, while further from shore, where the water is deeper, turbulence can not
reach the
ocean floor, allowing sediment to settle undisturbed.
My research indicates that the Siberian peat moss, Arctic tundra, and methal hydrates (frozen methane at the
bottom of the
ocean) all have an excellent chance of melting and releasing their stored co2.Recent methane concentration figures also hit the news last week, and methane has increased after a long time being steady.The forests of north america are drying out and are very susceptible to massive insect infestations and wildfires, and the massive die offs - 25 % of total forests, have begun.And, the most recent stories on the Amazon forecast that with the change in rainfall patterns one third of the Amazon will dry and turn to grassland, thereby creating a domino cascade effect for the rest of the Amazon.With co2 levels risng faster now that the
oceans have
reached carrying capacity, the
oceans having become also more acidic, and the looming threat of a North Atlanic current shutdown (note the recent terrible news on salinity upwelling levels off Greenland,) and the change in cold water upwellings, leading to far less biomass for the fish to feed upon, all lead to the conclusion we may not have to worry about NASA completing its inventory of near earth objects greater than 140 meters across by 2026 (Recent Benjamin Dean astronomy lecture here in San Francisco).
Horror has
reached new heights (or depths in this case) in this awesome survival horror game that takes place at the
bottom of the
ocean!
So strap in and be transported from your living room and dropped anywhere from the
bottom of the
ocean to the furthest
reaches of space.
For example, when cryoconite holes melt deep enough to drain out the
bottom of a glacier, their contents can eventually
reach the
ocean, flushing nutrients into the marine ecosystem.
The Antarctic ice sheet
reached the coastline for the first time at ca. 33.6 Ma and became a driver of Antarctic circulation, which in turn affected global climate, causing increased latitudinal thermal gradients and a «spinning up» of the
oceans that resulted in: (1) increased thermohaline circulation and erosional pulses of Northern Component Water and Antarctic
Bottom Water; (2) increased deep - basin ventilation, which caused a decrease in oceanic residence time, a decrease in deep -
ocean acidity, and a deepening of the calcite compensation depth (CCD); and (3) increased diatom diversity due to intensified upwelling.
Bottom scouring at 1000 m depths; icebergs in the Arctic
Ocean have at most 50 - m draughts, whereas icebergs off Antarctica and Greenland
reach depths of 550 m.
If this wasn't the case then our
oceans should be boiling (infinitely thick absorber of IR and below, so thick light never
reaches the
bottom, just like Venus!)
We know where it starts — in the Arctic
Ocean where warm water brought there by currents cools, sinks, and flows south along the
bottom until it
reaches West Antarctic.
Their effects can also extend down for miles, in some places
reaching the
ocean bottom.
Ice sheets resting on retrograde beds are inherently unstable, because once the grounding lines
reach the edge of the «bowl», they will eventually retreat all the way to the
bottom of the «bowl» even if the
ocean water intruding beneath the ice doesn't get any warmer.
Before 1980 this salty water
reached the surface releasing large amounts of heat, then cooled and sank to the
bottom of the
ocean.
While surface melt is likely to
reach a maximum in August,
bottom melt has just gotten underway at all the sites and is expected to continue beyond the date of the September minimum ice extent, as a result of storage of solar heat in the upper
ocean.
This creates an effective barrier preventing
bottom warmed water from
reaching the surface (unless you believe in back - conduction of course; — RRB - Cooling of the deep
oceans is only possible at high latitudes.