So, if you can just show, for example, that
the odds of a stock market crash are far higher in years when the P - E ratio is much higher than average (or for housing crashes the buy - rent, or price - household income ratio), or that the expected risk - adjusted long run return is much lower than average, or other «anomalies» (anomalous to the EMH) like this, then you can show that the EMH is substantially far from the truth.