"Odor molecules" refers to tiny particles that are responsible for creating different smells. They are released from various objects or substances and can be detected by our sense of smell.
Full definition
This hypothesis is also based on the assumption that for the ancestors of recent insects, the ability to detect
odor molecules in the air rather than dissolved in water was of vital importance.
So far, scientists have identified 42 receptors that respond to food odors — with the majority binding
multiple odor molecules.
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Dogs can do that because their noses contain 900 different types of olfactory receptors, chemical detectors in cells that respond to many different kinds
of odor molecules in particular ways.
Unlike activated carbon, which sequesters
odor molecules by physically trapping them, the copper chemically reacts with the stench, breaking it down into its nonsmelly component parts.
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Further, the researchers report today in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface, a dog's nose has a unique nasal airflow pattern, which helps
transport odor molecules quickly via a single airway to the olfactory recess.
Exactly how baboon fathers manage to identify their offspring remains a mystery, but Buchan's team hypothesizes that pheromones and
odor molecules probably play a role.
It also doesn't explain
why odor molecules with very similar shapes give us such different smells; the molecules that gives us the smell of vodka and rotten eggs are almost identical, for example.
Humans detect smells by inhaling air that
contains odor molecules, which then bind to receptors inside the nose, relaying messages to the brain.
For the first time, scientists were able to measure and visualize where in the wind
tunnel odor molecules (here, the scents of the flowers) were present and at what concentrations.
«In general, it highlights a growing interest in how combinations of odors — rather than
single odor molecules at a time — are sensed and processed.»
The process of smelling, or olfaction, is triggered by
odor molecules traveling up the nasal passage, where they are identified by receptors that send signals to the olfactory bulb — which sits between the nasal cavity and the brain's frontal lobe — and processes the information.
When inhaled,
odor molecules from essential oils immediately travel up your nose to the limbic lobe of the brain, which is known as the emotional control center.
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This allows the air they are breathing in and out to create a «swirl» pattern of air that
allows odor molecules to build up the more they sniff.
Sometimes, it takes more than one sniff for a dog to accumulate
enough odor molecules to identify a smell.
Pets will not be fooled and can still smell their own urine or
stool odor molecules among the cloud of fragrance.
Most scents are composed of many odorants; a whiff of chocolate, for example, is made up of hundreds of
different odor molecules.
They form a functional complex with another protein, the so - called olfactory receptor co-receptor, which enables insects to smell the tiniest amounts
of odor molecules in their environment very rapidly.
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The question: What property of
an odor molecule (or odorant) do the receptors in our noses pick up?
Humans can smell so many different odors because they have over 1000 different receptor proteins on neurons in the nose, each of which recognizes a particular chemical feature of
some odor molecules.
They are rather composed of filaments (clusters of
odor molecules) of various sizes (> mm) and concentrations interspersed with regions of clean air.
But working with human smooth muscle cells isolated and grown from the healthy parts of airway tissue surrounding excised tumors, Benjamin Kalbe and his colleagues applied a large number of
odor molecules and watched two of them activate the muscle cells.
Kalbe and co-workers then determined how activating the receptors with
the odor molecules affected the isolated smooth muscle cells.
«We now need to identify
the odor molecules that allow people to detect and differentiate differentiate levels of fat.
In testing volunteers, scientists at Northwestern University used
odor molecules that have the same chemical formula but are structured to be mirror opposites, like left and right hands.
Only if it can trace even tiny amounts of
odor molecules is it is able to find food sources, communicate with conspecifics, or avoid enemies.
The idea is that
every odor molecule that enters our nose has a specific shape that fits a specific receptor — like a key fits a lock — allowing us to detect, say, the acrid aroma of burnt coffee.
They took 128
odor molecules that represented a wide range of smells and started combining them into unique mixtures containing 10, 20, or 30 different components.
A given receptor can snag a number of different
odor molecules, and a given odor molecule can latch onto several different receptors.
By giving different
odor molecules a place on the yardstick, we can distinguish fine gradations among them.
«In fact, it is far more sensitive to some of
these odor molecules when compared to carbon dioxide.»
The New York Times likens it to a lock - and - key reaction:
Odor molecules are the keys that open receptors throughout our bodies, triggering reactions in our hearts and brains.
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