The Impact
of Accountability Measures on Children and Young People, by Prof Merryn Hutchings of London Metropolitan University, says pupils» emotional health and wellbeing is suffering because of «high - stakes testing».
The impact
of accountability measures on children and young people is the report of independent research commissioned by the National Union of Teachers and conducted by Professor Merryn Hutchings.
Not exact matches
Lastly, the team examined the connection between character and swearing
on a larger, cultural level by comparing the 2012 Integrity Analyses
of 48 U.S. states from the Center for Public Integrity, which
measured the level
of transparency and
accountability of local governments, to how frequently residents
of that state swore in their Facebook posts.
Accountability should be judged
on tangible industrial
measures like start - up tech company survival rates after three and five years, number
of new products and services brought to market annually by companies that IRAP supported, and overall ROI after three or five years.
Accountability should be
measured on the basis
of tangible industrial values, e.g., business viability 3 years after CICP purchase, along with demonstrated success in meeting client (government agency) needs.
Church organizations,
of course, also offer doctrinal
accountability and a degree
of security that can be absent from self - made ministries that depend
on book sales, speaking gigs, and other
measures of popularity.
So Lambda and its allies are quite right to believe that, in getting the government to declare that millennia
of classical, Jewish, and Christian teaching
on homosexuality is nothing more than prejudice, «gay people have found far more success in the courts than in Congress» — or in any other institution with a
measure of accountability to the American people.
Welcoming the Resolution, Dr Francesco Branca, Director
of WHO Nutrition, stressed the importance
of having an agreement
on a common vision
on targets which can be
measured, and where an
accountability framework can be developed.
We expect many
of the concepts associated with NPM such as active management, public
accountability through performance
measures, and a strong focus
on cost, will remain important for some time to come.
They include greater
accountability measures for the awarding
of government contracts, more transparency for «lump - sum» budget appropriations and expenditures, and limits
on outside income for lawmakers.
Lawmakers spent a lot
of time talking about meaty issues, including establishing a system
of paid family and medical leave, reinstituting tolls
on state highways and setting up new
measures to address police
accountability, but in the end, a lack
of consensus scuttled chances for a vote.
«Do you support
measures that increase
accountability, transparency and that increase the input
of school district parents in the decision to permit and maintain charter schools, as well as
measures to reduce the negative fiscal impact
on school districts with large numbers
of charters?»
Cuomo's campaign spokesperson, Abbey Fashouer, counters that he «has made education equity a central focus
of his tenure, investing a record $ 27 billion with a focus
on our neediest schools, while demanding
accountability measures so that the door to opportunity is open for every child — regardless
of income, zip code or ethnicity.
In the remaining nine months
of 2014, pro-charter groups focused more
on strengthening
accountability measures for teachers and pushing the state and city to take immediate action to fix failing schools.
One
measure, the TSA Office
of Inspection
Accountability Act, is
on the verge
of becoming law.
NCLB launched a decade
of building states» data infrastructure; ESSA is about taking advantage
of this infrastructure to not only create more meaningful
accountability measures, but to also provide greater transparency, empower decisionmaking, personalize learning, and ensure we keep kids
on track for success.
The
measures used in the NEPC report — whether schools make AYP, state
accountability system ratings, the percentage
of students that score proficient
on state tests, and high - school graduation rates — are at best rough proxies for the quality
of education provided by any school.
These lessons focus primarily
on the transparency
of the systems, but this is just one
of several principles that states should attend to (which I have offered previously):
Accountability systems should actually
measure school effectiveness, not just test scores.
On top
of the 60 per cent pass rate for GCSEs, Morgan explained the new «Progress 8»
accountability measure for secondary school's, which is designed to show a child's progress from primary to secondary education.
Partly in response to federal
accountability measures ~ curriculum in many schools particularly those serving predominantly disadvantaged students has narrowed to focus
on reading and math at the expense
of the arts ~ physical education ~ civics and other subjects.
Accountability systems should
measure and reflect this broader vision
of learning by using a framework
of indicators for school success centered
on academic outcomes, opportunity to learn, and engagement and support.
The Sunshine State had instituted school voucher programs, increased the number
of charter schools, and devised a sophisticated
accountability system that evaluates schools
on the basis
of their progress as
measured by the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT).
In his new book, Professor Dan Koretz looks at how test - based
accountability has become an end in itself in American education, unmoored from clear thinking
on what should be
measured in school, harming students and corrupting the ideals
of teaching.
Perhaps there are some «wrong» answers (such as relying exclusively
on proficiency rates in reading and math to judge school quality, or
measuring school spending and other inputs and calling it
accountability) but mostly there are a whole bunch
of right and partially - right answers, depending
on policymakers» goals and states» idiosyncrasies.
One
of only 16 states to reward high - performing or improving schools, South Carolina also fares well
on measures of school
accountability.
Another study, by Eric Hanushek and Margaret Raymond, both also at Stanford, evaluated the impact
of school -
accountability policies
on state - level NAEP math and reading achievement
measured by the difference between the performance
of a state's 8th graders and that
of 4th graders in the same state four years earlier.
In contrast, Polikoff's public comment
on draft ESSA
accountability rules drew heavily
on a large empirical literature as it argued against a federal mandate for states to use proficiency rates as
measures of school performance.
Schools should be permitted to use multiple, locally created assessments instead
of «one shot» tests to
measure student progress for
accountability purposes, according to a report released last week by a panel of experts convened by the Forum on Educational Accountability, a group that includes some of the most vocal critics of the 5 - year - old No Child Le
accountability purposes, according to a report released last week by a panel
of experts convened by the Forum
on Educational
Accountability, a group that includes some of the most vocal critics of the 5 - year - old No Child Le
Accountability, a group that includes some
of the most vocal critics
of the 5 - year - old No Child Left Behind Act.
Rather than providing students skills that have real currency in today's labor market and preparing them for gainful employment,
accountability provisions in the federal No Child Left Behind Act and Race to the Top funding program have focused
on increasing short - term gains that
measure success or failure
of schools.
Of the elementary and middle schools the survey respondents rated, 14 percent received a grade of «A,» 41 percent received a «B» grade, while 36 percent received a «C.» Seven percent were given a «D» and 2 percent an «F.» These subjective ratings were compared with data on actual school quality as measured by the percentage of students in each school who achieved «proficiency» in math and reading on states» accountability exams during the 2007 - 08 school yea
Of the elementary and middle schools the survey respondents rated, 14 percent received a grade
of «A,» 41 percent received a «B» grade, while 36 percent received a «C.» Seven percent were given a «D» and 2 percent an «F.» These subjective ratings were compared with data on actual school quality as measured by the percentage of students in each school who achieved «proficiency» in math and reading on states» accountability exams during the 2007 - 08 school yea
of «A,» 41 percent received a «B» grade, while 36 percent received a «C.» Seven percent were given a «D» and 2 percent an «F.» These subjective ratings were compared with data
on actual school quality as
measured by the percentage
of students in each school who achieved «proficiency» in math and reading on states» accountability exams during the 2007 - 08 school yea
of students in each school who achieved «proficiency» in math and reading
on states»
accountability exams during the 2007 - 08 school year.
The good news is that, in large part because
of NCLB and the
accountability measures that federal law has encouraged at all levels
of school reform — not to mention the dogged efforts
of Diane Ravitch and Sol Stern to keep Bloomberg and Klein
on their toes — these arguments are smarter and more refined — and, yes, despite public relations — more transparent.
But if states are clear
on why these
measures are needed, it could start to undo some
of the damage inflicted by the blunt - axe
of test - driven
accountability.
When we set out
on the path that led us to the Review, we intended to inject one
measure of many that may be needed for robust teacher prep
accountability.
Accountability based
on objective performance
measures has the benefit
of being transparent.
Too many states try to include too many
measures into their
accountability system, and then none
of the individual
measures are really important or really guide schools
on what their learning outcomes need to be.
Longtime Chicago mayor Richard M. Daley had won control over the school system in 1995 and generally received accolades for rising scores
on state tests; hard - charging superintendents, including Paul Vallas and Arne Duncan; tough
accountability measures such as reduced social promotion; and a slew
of new schools and shiny buildings.
As a result, trying to assess if a school is «good» or «bad» relies
on a complex web
of preferences and objective
measures that, quite frankly, can not be taken into account in a centralized
accountability system.
Accountability measures are based
on the goal
of having every student meet high standards.
With states now appropriately crafting
accountability frameworks that focus not just
on test scores but
on multiple
measures, we also will hear less heated rhetoric about the consequences
of poor results.
The exclusion
of creative subjects from the EBacc remit; subject silos; out - dated subject orthodoxies; teacher shortages and financial and academic pressures
on schools weighed down by
accountability measures are creating a perfect storm in which students will be those affected in the short term and society in the long term.
Because an
accountability test that supports teaching is focused
on only a very limited number
of challenging curricular aims, a student's mastery
of each subject can be meaningfully
measured, letting teachers determine how effective their instruction has been.
ED's press release explains, «The administration's proposal for fixing NCLB calls for college and career - ready standards, more great teachers and principals, robust use
of data and a more flexible and targeted
accountability system based
on measuring annual student growth.
It would make matters more difficult because the most important flaw
of the No Child Left Behind
accountability system is its reliance
on the level
of student achievement at a single point in time as a
measure of school performance.
States could also create entirely separate
accountability systems for alternative schools, weighting existing
measures differently (e.g. placing less emphasis
on proficiency and placing more emphasis
on academic growth) and using different indicators, such as high school completion rates instead
of cohort graduation rates.
ESSA requires state
accountability systems to include an indicator
of academic achievement «as
measured by proficiency
on the annual assessments.»
Instead
of encouraging innovation with the newly available tech tools,
accountability systems based
on narrow and dated
measures tended to clamp down
on new approaches.
The report, part
of a book
of essays entitled «The Future
of Assessment: 2025 and Beyond», suggests that current trends in the education sector are «narrowing the curriculum and focusing
on those students whose performance has the greatest impact
on the headline
accountability measures».
The aim
of Progress 8 is to replace the percentage
of pupils gaining five good GCSEs as the headline
measure of school
accountability, instead judging schools
on «value added» through the duration
of a pupils time there.
Standards - based reform was fed by three factors: increased expectations for learning beyond high school, which led to a focus
on college readiness for all; the availability
of reliable and cheap
measures of student proficiency in reading and math; and the push for teacher and school
accountability.
Current time - and age - based
accountability measures have a stronghold
on schools, even those trying to break away from the factory model
of education.