Sentences with phrase «of air showers»

Measurements of the Longitudinal Development of Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory

The quality of the data set is enhanced by the possibility to combine the information from two different detectors: the particle density at the ground is measured with a surface array of water Cherenkov detectors whereas the longitudinal development of the air showers is observed with fluorescence telescopes during dark clear nights.

When the electrons, protons, muons and pions of the air shower run through the tubs of water, the particles give off a little burst of light called Cherenkov radiation.

From the size and direction of an air shower, physicists can deduce the energy and direction of the original ray.

By measuring two different features of an air shower, scientists at the Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory will be able to determine the direction and energy of the original incoming cosmic ray particle.

Not exact matches

If you're excited about the idea of taking a refreshing shower at 40,000 feet in the air, here's what you need to know about the airlines that offer these coveted showers.

The reason: Emerging from a hot shower into cooler air brings a sudden decrease in body temperature, leading to a tranquil state of mind.

When cosmic rays strike the air, they create showers of ionizing radiation — particles that can knock electrons free of atoms and molecules — that can penetrate deep inside our bodies.

A warm shower and the cool air conditioning sent Bub straight to dreamland, and we all relaxed and enjoyed our last few hours of vacation.

Moist or cold air seem to help reduce the swelling of the airways, so the standard course of action is to take your child into a steamy bathroom for 15 to 20 minutes (turn on the hot water in the shower or bathtub and close the bathroom door) or out into the cold night air.

Mrs. Donovan, tired of washing, bleaching and air drying cloth diapers, cut up her shower curtain into plastic envelopes into which she slipped absorbent material.

And the sun shields were really nice as they come down far enough to keep out all the sun as well as the chill of the night air, and again, the rain from those Florida showers!

Instead, warm steam can be delivered by turning on all of the hot water in the bathroom, including from the shower and sink, close the bathroom door and holding your child as he breathes in the steamy, humidified air.

And I can leisurely get out of the shower without scrambling for a towel because the cold air has triggered my milk ejection reflex and wow, I really don't have time to wipe that off the floor.

When a new baby is on the way, love is in the air, so a Valentine's Day theme is perfect for a baby shower — especially during the month of February.

«Cold Canadian air will arrive Thursday night and Friday with below average temperatures and periods of lake effect snow showers,» the alert said.

This fragrance is clean smelling and gives you the air of someone who's just gotten out of the shower.

And Auger researchers are adding additional detectors to their tanks that should better determine the type of cosmic ray that produced each air shower.

When a high energy cosmic ray strikes the atmosphere, it produces a so - called air shower — an avalanche of lower energy particles.

Instead, the structures catch the cascade of particles cosmic rays produce when they slam into Earth's atmosphere, called an air shower.

Yasmin Afsar, an electrical engineering graduate student, created this portrait titled «Portrait of the artist in the air shower.»

More stuff that causes showers The air we breathe can be teeming with billions and billions of submicroscopic particles less than 1/8, 000 th the width of a human hair.

The air rises and forms clouds filled with snow, which then produce heavy showers downwind of the shore.

As they travel, drops flatten from a sphere into a pancake - like disc; this catches passing air and inflates like a liquid parachute that eventually explodes in a shower of smaller droplets.

Taylor does think the new technique holds great promise for the future, because of its ability to identify types of particle and the fact that it can operate day or night in any weather (optical techniques of observing air showers only work on clear moonless nights).

When a particle detector trips the alarm, LOFAR's cosmic ray system grabs the previous 5 seconds of data that is held in the system's buffer, knowing that the signal from an air shower is somewhere in it.

BSL - 4 is the highest level of biocontainment: its criteria include filtering air and treating water and waste before they leave the laboratory, and stipulating that researchers change clothes and shower before and after using lab facilities.

A cosmic ray — usually a proton, but sometimes other particles — will slam into air molecules 50 miles or so above the surface, rapidly shedding energy and giving rise to a shower of billions of electrons, positrons, and muons that rain down onto the terrain below.

Then again, with the surface of Venus being at almost 900 °F (500 °C) under more than 90 times the air pressure of Earth's atmosphere at sea level, with occasional showers of acid, it's not easy to test the properties of materials under Venusian conditions.

This cascade ionises the air, producing a conical shower of free electrons where a current might begin to flow.

An analysis of a fossilised rain shower suggests air density on early Earth was broadly similar to today's — making it difficult to explain why Earth was warmer than it is now when the sun shone less brightly.

Poised on a bluff above the Mississippi River, the new home of the Science Museum of Minnesota showers visitors with gifts of light, air, and space — as well as a chance to explore the river's geology and ecology.

Like Auger, TA also features batteries of specialized telescopes that on clear, moonless nights can detect the faint light, or fluorescence, produced by an extensive air shower.

The Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory is netting signals from the most energetic particles in the universe: ultrahigh - energy cosmic rays, which slam into the atmosphere at speeds no accelerator can match, sparking air showers of subatomic particles and ultraviolet light.

This is traditionally done with an array of particle detectors deployed on a large grid, which then sample the energetic «air - shower» particles made in atmospheric interactions of the original cosmic particle.

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) measures radio properties of cosmic - ray induced air showers within the Pierre Auger Observatory.

Using air - shower events recorded by both the fluorescence and surface detector simultaneously (hybrid measurement) we have searched for an accumulation of photon - like events in the EeV energy range from specific target directions, using a multivariate selection procedure.

Typically, photon - induced extensive air showers develop deeper in the atmosphere and exhibit fewer muons compared to hadronic primaries (atomic nuclei) of the same energy.

Now, we have shown that radio detection of extensive air showers can be a very powerful means to cross-calibrate the absolute energy scale of different experiments.

Properties of such air showers are used to infer the energy, direction, and mass of the cosmic particles.

The analysis described in this paper fully exploits the potential of the hybrid technique by means of a multivariate analysis to achieve an unprecedented discrimination power between photon - and nucleus - induced air showers.

The Pierre Auger Observatory offers a unique chance for the observation of photon - induced air showers and a search for photons with energies above 1018 eV has been performed using the data collected between January 2005 and December 2013.

When high energy cosmic rays enter the Earth's atmosphere, they interact with air molecules producing a cascade of secondary particles which propagate through the atmosphere in a so - called air shower.

The radio stations are used to reconstruct the electric field emitted by cosmic particle induced air showers which gives, e.g., a precise measurement of the energy contained in the electromagnetic shower.

Measurement of the radiation energy in the radio signal of extensive air showers as a universal estimator of cosmic - ray energy

Antennas for the Detection of Radio Emission Pulses from Cosmic - Ray induced Air Showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

She then studied neutrinos from stellar collapses at the underground laboratories of Mont Blanc and Gran Sasso, and extensive air showers at the EAS - TOP observatory, where she lead the analysis of the data from the hadronic calorimeter.

When they reach the surface of the earth, the particles from an air shower initiated by a 1020 eV cosmic ray may cover an area of 16 square kilometers.

As air sinks it warms, and this also inhibits the formation of showers and thunderstorms that could offer some heat relief.

Autonomous detection and analysis of radio emission from air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory