Journal
of Economic Behavior & Organization, 116, 206 — 218.
In the stock market there is no physical process — only some abstract process that models the sum
of the economic behavior of many actors.
It includes the study
of economic behavior of particular units such as a person, firm, household, or industry.
But cooperation and altruistic tendencies also show up routinely in studies
of economic behavior.
New research published in the Journal
of Economic Behavior and Organization examines how past histories are harmful in negotiations, particularly when an event in the past benefited one party at the other's expense.
Most economists spend no time at all exploring this alternative dimension
of economic behavior simply because it is not mathematically tractable.
According to the national economics standards, students should be taught only the «majority paradigm» or «neoclassical model»
of economic behavior, for to include «strongly held minority views of economic processes risks confusing and frustrating teachers and students, who are then left with the responsibility of sorting the qualifications and alternatives without a sufficient foundation to do so.»
He has published articles in leading scholarly journals, including Journal
of Economic Behavior & Organization, Economic Inquiry, Public Choice, and Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance.
Not exact matches
Members
of Congress are working to adjust aspects
of the Dodd - Frank regulatory overhaul, which was passed in the aftermath
of the financial crisis in an effort to tighten the
behavior of a banking industry blamed for much
of the
economic instability.
My dream, and I believe it is a rational possibility if not assured, is that as the ecology
of our situation increases to exert pressure on us, that there will be a rapid emergent adaptation
of behaviors effecting an «ecocultural» revolution in our socio -
economic structures.
The wave
of bad
economic news is eroding confidence and buying power, driving consumers to adjust their
behavior in fundamental and perhaps permanent ways.
This alternative to the regular Consumer Price Index takes into account an
economic phenomenon called the substitution effect, which reflects changes in consumer
behavior when prices
of substitutable goods move in different directions.
By varying the monkeys» budgets and the amounts
of food they would receive for a disk, the researchers found that the monkeys»
behavior was within 1 %
of what could be predicted from
economic theory.
Figure 1 shows this value - destroying
behavior in action for GE (GE) by comparing between the amount
of money spent buying back shares and the price to
economic book value (PEBV), a measure
of the growth expectations embedded in the stock price.
But as Temin and Vines show, history is much more usefully seen as the evolution
of often complex institutions — financial, political, legal, cultural, and so on — through which
economic behavior is mediated and which affect the ways in which recurring patterns
of finance, commerce and trade unfold, and that without an understanding
of history we lose so much complexity in our models that we often end up making very obvious mistakes.
As the gap widens, it creates rising uncertainty about how excess debt servicing costs will ultimately be allocated, and at the point at which this uncertainty is high enough to alter materially the
behavior of economic agents, and so lower the net asset value
of the
economic entity, the borrowing country has «excessive» debt.
A subset
of small businesses is still putting growth goals on hold as they monitor consumer
behavior and the
economic recovery.
Massive demographic and
economic shifts, as well as historic levels
of technological and media disruption, are turning this once predictable industry — where «average» was king — into a sea
of turbulent change, leaving consumer
behavior permanently altered.
Suffice it to say that while there remain some bright spots in market action, such as the overall profile
of market breadth (as measured by the simple NYSE advance - decline line), as well as bright spots in
economic figures, such as Friday's upbeat jobs number and the reasonable
behavior of credit spreads to - date, the weight
of the evidence is increasingly cautious.
It is an indispensable tool profiling the state
of the market and how investor demographics, preferences and
behaviors have changed in a world
economic environment where markets are volatile and uncertainty prevails.
The
economic cost
of changes in
behavior due to taxes, government benefits, monopolies, and other forces that interfere with the otherwise - efficient operation
of a market economy.
In China, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle
of physics holds sway, whereby the mere observation
of economic numbers changes their
behavior.
Yet, it's only the latest in a string
of events that risk fundamentally altering norms that have dictated
economic behavior for the past 70 years.
One reason why it is so important to describe real estate
behavior in terms
of economic theory is that a rising proportion
of the economy's industrial investors are behaving more like real estate investors than like the textbook models based on manufacturing.
This measure is simply net income divided by
Economic Capital, but it is quite revealing in terms
of understanding bank business models and
behavior.
The official said China had not changed its
behavior, despite years
of negotiations in the World Trade Organization and
economic dialogues with the last three administrations.
Another
behavior is anchoring, where investors are slow to react to fundamental changes in
economic, corporate or market developments because
of an irrational attachment to a perceived value, even in the face
of changing information.
Bill Hester notes that going back as far as Depression era data, that same
behavior coupled with a rich Shiller P / E (anything above the mid-teens) and a preponderance
of daily declines in recent data (say down 11 days out
of 14) has preceded even worse outcomes - particularly in the context
of a weak
economic backdrop.
Although it may sound strange, developing entire fictional characters with distinct
behavior patterns, values, pain points, budgets, and even skill levels can prove a significant help in segmenting your market and targeting the types
of visitors, leads, and customers that will best increase your website's
economic output.
The global roller coaster ride
of economic woes has undoubtedly caused shifts in buying
behaviors and processes.
These factors — many
of which are beyond our control and the effects
of which can be difficult to predict — include: credit, market, liquidity and funding, insurance, operational, regulatory compliance, strategic, reputation, legal and regulatory environment, competitive and systemic risks and other risks discussed in the risk sections
of our 2017 Annual Report; including global uncertainty and volatility, elevated Canadian housing prices and household indebtedness, information technology and cyber risk, regulatory change, technological innovation and new entrants, global environmental policy and climate change, changes in consumer
behavior, the end
of quantitative easing, the business and
economic conditions in the geographic regions in which we operate, the effects
of changes in government fiscal, monetary and other policies, tax risk and transparency and environmental and social risk.
This
behavior has slowed the pace
of overall
economic growth, but it has also prevented the excesses that have led to corrections in the past.
The most offensive aspect
of Romney's is its crude application
of the theory that
economic incentives not only influence but determine political
behavior, including voting.
Public assistance programs discourage individual and familial responsibility while simultaneously shielding self - destructive
behavior from the sanction
of economic consequences.
A nonmoral
economic system tends to create a society either
of acquisitive or
of collective automatons, depending on the principles relied upon to regulate
economic behavior.
society, where sin is viewed as little more than psychological maladjustment, or
behavior arising out
of corrupt
economic structures, or as a failure
of the educational system, baptism reminds us that, in spite
of Gestalt and I'm OK, You're OK, what we do naturally is not the best we could do, that our inborn selfishness and pride are life - and - death matters, that Christians are made, not born.
It can create social unrest and
economic despair leading to many forms
of destructive
behavior.
There is obviously a measure
of truth in this understanding
of human beings in their
economic behavior.
Human nature, in the sense
of man's basic physical, emotional, impulsive and intellectual constitution, somehow moral at the core, seemed plainly more fundamental than any particular sort
of human
behavior, even
economic; and human nature itself emerges in a world order far more ancient and more fundamental still.
Niebuhr said that the thesis
of his book was that a «sharp distinction must be drawn between the moral and social
behavior of individuals and
of social groups, national, racial, and
economic; and that this distinction justifies and necessitates political policies which a purely individualistic ethic must always find embarrassing.
While there are very few uses
of arsenokoitai in Greek literature after Paul, some
of the few uses that have survived indicate it referred to
economic exploitation, not same - sex
behavior.
The most influential is the portrayal
of human
behavior in
economic theory.
Recent findings have provided direct empirical and quantitative support for
economic models that acknowledge the influence
of emotional factors on decision - making
behavior.
Modern economics is thc science
of self - interest,
of how to best accommodate individual
behavior by means
of markets and the commodification
of human relations... In this
economic world view, the traditional human faculty
of reason gets short - changed and degraded to act as the servant
of sensory desires.
The latter is concerned primarily with a mere fragment
of human
behavior, our «
economic» actions, those which can be quantified in terms
of money.
It argues that a sharp distinction must be drawn between «the moral and social
behavior of individuals and
of social groups, national, racial, and
economic; and that this distinction justifies and necessitates political policies which a purely individualistic ethic must always find embarrassing.
Now we must ask, is this an accurate picture
of human
economic behavior?
A more likely source is the decline
of the black family (approximately three - fifths
of current black births are illegitimate) and the effect that liberal
economic and social policies have had on encouraging dysfunctional social
behavior and in undermining those forces within the city such as religion that have attempted to hold back the new urban barbarism.
From the perspective
of the Chicago school, there is no
behavior that is not interpretable as
economic, however altruistic, emotional, disinterested and compassionate it may seem to others...
Second, these groups are also most likely to respond to short - term
economic forces, given the lack
of conventional religious ties that might anchor their political
behavior.