Or is it simply a repetitive action, bringing to mind Nietzsche's theory
of eternal recurrence?
His core doctrine of amor fati, love of fate, found its supreme expression in the myth
of the eternal recurrence, the ultimate spiritual ordeal set forth in The Gay Science (1882) and amplified in Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883 - 1885) and Beyond Good and Evil (1886): if a demon were to perch on your shoulder and tell you your life would repeat itself throughout eternity, exactly the same in every detail, would you rejoice or despair at the thought?
Indeed, can the Christian accept those triumphant words in the third part of Thus Spoke Zarathustra, where Zarathustra's animals speak ecstatically of the redemptive meaning of the symbol
of Eternal Recurrence, as a portrait of such a new totality of bliss?
In its initial form, Nietzsche's vision
of Eternal Recurrence records the chaos of a world that has fallen away from its original center.
Yet it is Nietzsche's vision
of Eternal Recurrence, a vision also employing but inverting the sacred language of the mystics, which most clearly illuminates the thinking and experience of a history which is becoming totally profane.
On every side, scholarly critics and theologians point to Nietzsche's vision
of Eternal Recurrence as the antithetical opposite of the Christian gospel.
Yes, this vision
of Eternal Recurrence is an acceptance of death as living in the Now, and it is just for this reason that it is opposed to all primordial forms of a coincidentia oppositorum.
This romanticism was still present in the Nietzsche who wrote The Birth of Tragedy, but it was conquered in his prophetic realization of the death of God, and his consequent baptism of time and death in his vision
of Eternal Recurrence.
Of course Nietzsche said I should be horrified at the thought
of eternal recurrence.
Further, the transformation effected by the conception
of eternal recurrence discloses new experiential horizons.
Yet to grasp the full significance
of the eternal recurrence, we must first recall Nietzsche's basic intentions: namely, to accord an ultimate value to the realm of becoming and temporal life; to redeem and to unleash the creative potentials of earthly will to power; and to help create a humanly significant future.
In short, the very logic of Nietzsche's philosophy of will to power, coupled with his conception of time and evil, leads him to his fundamental doctrine
of the eternal recurrence of all things.
Without reservation, Zarathustra affirms his necessary will, his particular, eternally recurring destiny as the prophet
of the eternal recurrence and the bridge to the overman.
Zarathustra's animals sing to him the refreshing songs of the cycles of the great seasons, the comic version
of the eternal recurrence (TSZ 234).
The doctrine
of the eternal recurrence is the keystone of Zarathustra's edifice.
The solution
of the eternal recurrence depends essentially on Nietzsche's conception of the external, independent relation of time to becoming and willing, coupled with his notion of time as infinite and the becoming universe as finite (TSZ 178).
In this final section, we examine more closely the Whiteheadian and Nietzschean solutions to the problem of ultimate evil: Whitehead's God and his essential relation to the temporal world, and Nietzsche's doctrine
of the eternal recurrence.
Thus Nietzsche's vision
of Eternal Recurrence is here dialectically identified with the Christian vision of the Kingdom of God.
The transcendence of Being has been transformed into the radical immanence
of Eternal Recurrence: to exist in our time is to exist in a chaos freed of every semblance of cosmological meaning or order.
Through Nietzsche's vision
of Eternal Recurrence we can sense the ecstatic liberation occasioned by the collapse of the transcendence of Being, by the death of God — and we may witness a similar ecstasy in Rilke and Proust; and, from Nietzsche's portrait of Jesus, theology must learn of the power of an eschatological faith that can liberate the contemporary believer from the inescapable reality of history.
We might also note that Nietzsche's higher or Dionysian vision
of Eternal Recurrence — which he judged to be the ultimate expression of Yes - saying or total affirmation — can be reached only by passing through a full and total realization of the meaninglessness and chaos of the world or reality as such.
Consequently, Nietzsche's vision
of Eternal Recurrence is the dialectical correlate of his proclamation of the death of God.
Yet it is of fundamental importance that neither Bultmann nor Tillich is dialectical enough to rise to an acceptance of Nietzsche's vision
of Eternal Recurrence.
Already we can see significant parallels between Nietzsche's vision
of Eternal Recurrence and Jesus» proclamation of the Kingdom of God.
In Nietzsche, we have witnessed the deepest willing of the death of God pass into the deepest affirmation
of Eternal Recurrence.
So likewise the «existential» truth
of Eternal Recurrence shatters the power of the old order of history, transforming transcendence into immanence, and thereby making eternity incarnate in every Now.
Not exact matches
11 Altizer contends that the modern man
of faith must say Yes to the most illogical
of all views
of the world: Nietzsche's
Eternal Recurrence.
To affirm
Eternal Recurrence and renounce autonomous selfhood is to live the Kingdom
of God, which is in our midst.
Does not the New Creation (
Eternal Recurrence)
of Zarathustra parallel the New Creation
of Jesus (the Kingdom
of God) insofar as it shatters history, dissolves all rational meaning, and brings to an end the rule
of Law?
«
Eternal Recurrence is neither a cosmology nor a metaphysical idea: it is Nietzsche's symbol
of the deepest affirmation
of existence,
of Yes - saying.
Accordingly,
Eternal Recurrence is a symbolic portrait
of the truly contemporary man, the man who dares to live in our time, in our history, in our existence.»
We must observe that
Eternal Recurrence is a dialectical inversion
of the biblical category
of the Kingdom
of God.
Eternal Recurrence is the dialectical antithesis
of the Christian God.
Since episodes
of joy are bound fast with everything else, the joyful creator wills the
eternal recurrence of all things.
1 The exposition
of Nietzsche's thoughts is based upon Thus Spoke Zarathustra («TSZ,» translated by R. J. Hollingdale, Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1969) because
of the central attention given to the spirit
of revenge and the
eternal recurrence, as well as to life as will to power and valuation.
Nietzsche's doctrine is
Eternal Recurrence, instead
of Return.
He exults over Nietzsche's words on
Eternal Recurrence in the third part
of Zarathustra: «The imagery itself is cyclical, moving to and from the idea
of the circle [from Rad to Ring]» (p. 185).
Nor need one just be stuck with programmed patterns which repeat themselves over and over again — a kind
of Nietzschean «
eternal recurrence of the same» — with performance becoming decreasingly effective as the organism runs down.
Let there be no question about this: to judge Zarathustra as the Antichrist, and
Eternal Recurrence as a demonic inversion
of the Kingdom
of God, is to set oneself against the radical secularity
of the modern world, and finally to react with No - saying to the uniquely contemporary history
of our time.
What Blake could envision as the New Jerusalem, or Hegel could know as the advent
of Absolute Spirit, or Nietzsche could envision as
Eternal Recurrence, is the consequence
of the end
of history, but an ending realized only through the death
of God, which each could know not only as the most ultimate ending in our history, but also as that ending which made possible and calls forth the most absolute beginning.
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Much
of the work deals with ideas such as the «
eternal recurrence of the same», the parable on the «death
of God», and the «prophecy»
of the Übermensch, which were first introduced in The Gay Science.The book chronicles the fictitious travels and speeches
of Zarathustra.