Sentences with phrase «of gdp»

Higher growth rates are not impossible, of course, but to get the arithmetic to work for me it would take some fairly implausible assumptions — mainly that Beijing engineers the transfer of 2 - 3 % of GDP every year from the state sector to the household sector — for China to achieve growth rates anywhere near 6 % for the next decade.

Monetary and credit growth in China are constrained by the impact of GDP growth on balance sheets.

In that case any credit - fueled increase in investment would likely have resulted in a net improvement in China's debt servicing capacity, in which case, with government debt at well below 25 % of GDP, rising debt would not be a concern.

Below is a chart showing national debt as a percentage of GDP going back to the founding of the U.S.. Although we've seen periodic spikes in response to national crises, the debt could soar to unprecedented levels within the next 10 years.

The only countries for whom membership — with its attendant demand squeeze of 2.0 — 2.5 percent of GDP — does not entail lower growth are undeveloped economies that urgently need capital to fund domestic investment.

In proposing balanced budget legislation, the Harper Government has indicated that the debt - to - GDP ratio will continue to decline below its target of 25 per cent of GDP.

It shrinks the monetary base, by 5 % of GDP, through reversing some QE: i.e. by selling some of its treasury holdings.

Creditors want the supplement eliminated three years earlier and insist the system must generate savings equivalent to 1 percent of GDP, according to an international official with knowledge of the discussions.

For the 50 years leading up to the terms of trade boom, mining investment had averaged just over 1 1/2 per cent of GDP.

Though the German government is notionally committed to the alliance's 2 - percent defense - spending target, it only spent 1.2 percent of its GDP on defense last year — an amount her coalition partners, the Social Democrats, and more than half the German public oppose increasing.

These net imports subtract demand from their economies equal to a little under 1 percent of GDP every year, and so they must accept lower growth as the price of membership.

At the same time, it makes transfer payments to the household sector also equivalent to 5 % of GDP, increasing reserves.

That was forecast to rise by 3.0 percent in 2014 and by 3.7 percent per year to 41.8 billion euros (19.1 percent of GDP) in 2024.

Trade surpluses can have many causes, too often just the low share of GDP that ordinary households are allowed to keep, but trade surpluses or deficits that persist for many years are always the result of significant distortions at home or abroad.

If you look back over the past 20 years, you will see that the Australian current account deficit has fluctuated between about 3 1/2 per cent and 6 1/2 per cent of GDP.

Unified deficits (which includes on - and off - budget accounts) would fall from 3.6 percent of GDP ($ 693 billion) in 2017 to 1.7 percent ($ 485 billion) in 2027, excluding economic effects.

Today, Chinese debt is at least 250 — 260 percent of GDP.

Part of this decline in GDP, stemming from the oil production shortfall, will probably be made back sometime in the third quarter, but the net effect on the level of GDP over time will depend on the pace of rebuilding, which at present is difficult to foresee.

Although it may be hard to see it in the economic ratios, or in any real restraint in credit expansion, in fact Beijing has already taken serious steps towards rebalancing, although it may take a few more years to see this in the consumption share of GDP.

The swift recovery in resource prices was a significant factor in explaining why Canada recovered more quickly than other G7 countries, and probably explains why Australia only saw a short - lived reduction in the rate of growth of GDP during 2008 - 09.

The IMF said that even if Greece is offered generous terms, it is still likely to require a reduction in debt of around 30 % of national income to bring it down to 117 % of GDP, the uppermost limit of what the fund considered sustainable at the time of the second Greek bailout in the autumn of 2012.

This, combined with widespread moral hazard, had inevitably to result in both tremendous misuse of capital and a sharp decline in the consumption share of GDP (as the household income share declined)-- both of which of course happened to a remarkable degree in China.

Something similar happens in China, where the household income share of GDP is a much greater constraint on consumption that household psychology.

They are driven by the low household income share of GDP.

Its impact is dampened to an extent by the fact that our import share of GDP — 15 % — is relatively low (it's twice that share in the UK).

This was how I got my 5 - 8 % of GDP estimate for the amount of the annual transfer from households to savers.

Under the Canada Economic Action Plan the deficit will be eliminated by 2015 - 16; although total net public debt will have increased by $ 150 billion, the debt ratio will have declined to 33.0 per cent in 2015 - 16 and reach the government's target of 25 percent by 2019 - 20; program spending will fall to below 13 percent of GDP and will continue to fall thereafter; public sector jobs have been eliminated; and income and corporate taxes have been cut.

Recent writings underscore an important hole in economists» knowledge base: we know neither the natural rate of unemployment nor the potential level of GDP.

And they are headed even lower, to 5.3 percent of GDP by 2027 — the lowest total on record (which goes back to 1962).

He notes that NPLs are on a downward trajectory, currently around $ 21.5 billion ($ 26.4 billion) against $ 27.3 billion in December 2014, a drop equivalent to 30 % of GDP.

Program spending had fallen to a record low of 11.9 per cent of GDP in 1999 - 00, down from a high of 17.0 percent in 1992 - 93.

As a share of the economy, deficits are currently 3.1 percent of GDP and will reach 5.0 percent of GDP in 2027 and 9.0 percent of GDP within three decades — higher than any time except for 5 years during World War II and the Great Recession.

So if consumption rises from 35 % of GDP to 50 % of GDP, for example, while investment falls from 46 % of GDP to 40 % of GDP, the other sources of demand (mainly other consumption and the current account) must have reduced their share of GDP from 19 % to 10 %.

This was 31.8 per cent of GDP — less than half that recorded in 1994 - 95.

This of course is a huge transfer, and can easily explain most of the decline in the household share of GDP over this period.

A transfer of domestic demand from investment to consumption implies, in other words, that employment growth can be maintained at much lower levels of GDP growth.

Greek debt is set peak at close to 200 % of GDP in the next two years.

By 2022, debt is now projected to be at 170 % of GDP, compared to an estimate of 142 % of GDP projected in the previous DSA.

It might be in principle possible to pull this off if Beijing is able to transfer 2 - 4 % of GDP from the state or elite sector to the household sector by reforming the hukou system, land reform, privatizations, and other transfers, but of course we shouldn't assume that this level of household income growth will be easy to maintain once investment growth, and with it GDP growth, drops sharply.

In 2006 the Conservative government inherited a structural surplus of $ 13.8 billion (just under 1 % of GDP).

Venture investments in Canada have fallen over 70 % in the past 10 years, and are less than half the rate of the U.S. (as a percentage of GDP).

Labor market growth was viewed as consistent with above - trend growth of GDP over the previous two quarters.

If the global economy were to recover much more quickly than most of us expect, and, much more importantly, if Beijing were to initiate a far more aggressive program of privatization and wealth transfer than I think politically possible, perhaps transferring in the first few years the equivalent of as much as 2 - 5 % of GDP, the surge in household income could unleash much stronger consumption growth than we have seen in the past.

Excluding the impact of these factors reduces the 2009 - 10 deficit to $ 22.1 billion, or 1.4 per cent of GDP.

Since then it has been growing at a much more modest pace, closer to the rate of GDP growth.14

In 1994 - 95, the federal deficit stood at $ 36.6 billion, or 4.8 per cent of GDP.

I calculate that for most of this century as much as 5 - 8 % of GDP was transferred from households to borrowers.

If you multiply the sum of these two gaps by the total amount of household and farm deposits (very roughly around 80 - 100 % of GDP a few years ago, when I last checked), you get an estimate of the total transfer from the household sector to banks and borrowers.

As a percentage of GDP, more than half of the outstanding sovereign bonds in the developed world originated from countries or regions where negative interest rate policies are in place, primarily representing bonds from the euro zone and Japan.

Consequently, the services industry, which is inherently less capital intensive, has become a bigger force in the U.S. economy, recently accounting for two - thirds of GDP.