Capital Flows and International Policy Harmonization, edited by H. Edward English, comprising two studies in the Canada in the Atlantic Economy series: No. 9, Fiscal Harmonization under Freer Trade: Principles and Their Applications to a Canada-U.S. Free Trade Area, by Hirofumi Shibata (1969); and No. 10, Canadian Economic Policy and the Impact
of International Capital Flows, by Richard E. Caves and Grant L. Reuber (1969).
Not exact matches
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in such forward - looking statements and that should be considered in evaluating our outlook include, but are not limited to, the following: 1) our ability to continue to grow our business and execute our growth strategy, including the timing, execution, and profitability
of new and maturing programs; 2) our ability to perform our obligations under our new and maturing commercial, business aircraft, and military development programs, and the related recurring production; 3) our ability to accurately estimate and manage performance, cost, and revenue under our contracts, including our ability to achieve certain cost reductions with respect to the B787 program; 4) margin pressures and the potential for additional forward losses on new and maturing programs; 5) our ability to accommodate, and the cost
of accommodating, announced increases in the build rates
of certain aircraft; 6) the effect on aircraft demand and build rates
of changing customer preferences for business aircraft, including the effect
of global economic conditions on the business aircraft market and expanding conflicts or political unrest in the Middle East or Asia; 7) customer cancellations or deferrals as a result
of global economic uncertainty or otherwise; 8) the effect
of economic conditions in the industries and markets in which we operate in the U.S. and globally and any changes therein, including fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; 9) the success and timely execution
of key milestones such as the receipt
of necessary regulatory approvals, including our ability to obtain in a timely fashion any required regulatory or other third party approvals for the consummation
of our announced acquisition
of Asco, and customer adherence to their announced schedules; 10) our ability to successfully negotiate, or re-negotiate, future pricing under our supply agreements with Boeing and our other customers; 11) our ability to enter into profitable supply arrangements with additional customers; 12) the ability
of all parties to satisfy their performance requirements under existing supply contracts with our two major customers, Boeing and Airbus, and other customers, and the risk
of nonpayment by such customers; 13) any adverse impact on Boeing's and Airbus» production
of aircraft resulting from cancellations, deferrals, or reduced orders by their customers or from labor disputes, domestic or
international hostilities, or acts
of terrorism; 14) any adverse impact on the demand for air travel or our operations from the outbreak
of diseases or epidemic or pandemic outbreaks; 15) our ability to avoid or recover from cyber-based or other security attacks, information technology failures, or other disruptions; 16) returns on pension plan assets and the impact
of future discount rate changes on pension obligations; 17) our ability to borrow additional funds or refinance debt, including our ability to obtain the debt to finance the purchase price for our announced acquisition
of Asco on favorable terms or at all; 18) competition from commercial aerospace original equipment manufacturers and other aerostructures suppliers; 19) the effect
of governmental laws, such as U.S. export control laws and U.S. and foreign anti-bribery laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the United Kingdom Bribery Act, and environmental laws and agency regulations, both in the U.S. and abroad; 20) the effect
of changes in tax law, such as the effect
of The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the «TCJA») that was enacted on December 22, 2017, and changes to the interpretations
of or guidance related thereto, and the Company's ability to accurately calculate and estimate the effect
of such changes; 21) any reduction in our credit ratings; 22) our dependence on our suppliers, as well as the cost and availability
of raw materials and purchased components; 23) our ability to recruit and retain a critical mass
of highly - skilled employees and our relationships with the unions representing many
of our employees; 24) spending by the U.S. and other governments on defense; 25) the possibility that our cash
flows and our credit facility may not be adequate for our additional
capital needs or for payment
of interest on, and principal
of, our indebtedness; 26) our exposure under our revolving credit facility to higher interest payments should interest rates increase substantially; 27) the effectiveness
of any interest rate hedging programs; 28) the effectiveness
of our internal control over financial reporting; 29) the outcome or impact
of ongoing or future litigation, claims, and regulatory actions; 30) exposure to potential product liability and warranty claims; 31) our ability to effectively assess, manage and integrate acquisitions that we pursue, including our ability to successfully integrate the Asco business and generate synergies and other cost savings; 32) our ability to consummate our announced acquisition
of Asco in a timely matter while avoiding any unexpected costs, charges, expenses, adverse changes to business relationships and other business disruptions for ourselves and Asco as a result
of the acquisition; 33) our ability to continue selling certain receivables through our supplier financing program; 34) the risks
of doing business internationally, including fluctuations in foreign current exchange rates, impositions
of tariffs or embargoes, compliance with foreign laws, and domestic and foreign government policies; and 35) our ability to complete the proposed accelerated stock repurchase plan, among other things.
For much
of the nineteenth century, the United States also ran trade deficits and
capital account surpluses, but while there were already
capital flows driven by investors making independent decisions about where to park their money, roughly 90 percent
of the
international business done by London banks consisted
of trade finance.
International capital flows tend to rise during periods
of strong economic activity and fall back during recessionary times.
International capital flows can be a form
of risk - taking, and we know that risk - taking increases during good economic times and is cut back during downturns.
What today we call economic globalization — a combination
of rapid technological progress, large - scale
capital flows, and burgeoning
international trade — has happened many times before in the last 200 years.
Except for a period in the early 1960s, when Robert Triffin explored what became known as the Triffin Dilemma, in which foreign hoarding
of U.S. dollars was linked to persistent U.S. trade deficits, the relationship between the
capital and current accounts seems since then to have mystified most economists, including those specializing in trade, even as U.S. trade deficits and foreign
capital inflows soared, and as the growth in
international capital flows, once consisting largely
of trade finance, exploded relative to trade
flows and relegated trade finance to minor importance.
And they are to relinquish public spending to private contractors, and not to interfere with the
international flow of investment funds, not even to impede
capital flight by domestic elites or speculation against their national currencies.
Attempts to export its excess savings can only lead to one
of three outcomes: A) global growth rises because Europe's savings are all directed at developing countries with significant infrastructure investment needs and insufficient
capital, B) global growth drops sharply, global unemployment rises, and China's adjustment becomes all but impossible, C)
international trade and
capital flows collapse in a repeat
of the 1930s, so that Europe is forced to resolve its savings imbalance either by a massive increase in unemployment or a wave
of sovereign defaults.
Treasury
international capital is used as an economic indicator that tracks the
flow of Treasury and agency securities, as well as corporate bonds and equities, into and out
of the United States.
FRA: Given the potential in Europe for being the epicentre
of perhaps the next financial crisis as Peter Boockvar mentions, could we see
international capital flows come from Europe and elsewhere to the U.S. markets especially as you mentioned there could be pressure on the long end
of the yield curve with the movement into equities.
Asia has learned much from its mistakes in the 1990s — in particular, the dangers
of fixed exchange rates and over-reliance on
international capital flows
The Dollar plays a huge role throughout the global economy in terms
of international trade and
capital flows between countries.
This is clear from the Treasury's data on
international capital flows, which shows $ 50 to $ 60 billion a month worth
of purchases
of US Treasury securities from abroad, almost all
of it from London or the Caribbean, that is, offshore banking centers.
Given Africa's role in the global economy in the last few centuries, debates about a different way
of engaging with
international capital flows are
of great significance to the continent's future.
In truth, America was caught up in a global crisis which had its origins in acute financial weakness in Latin America and Central Europe — the emerging markets
of their day — a poorly designed
international monetary system, unruly
capital flows, plunging commodities prices and problems in the European banking system.
Derived from the latin word meaning «
flowing», it was a loose - knit
international association
of contemporary artists founded by the Lithuanian - born American art theorist George Maciunas (1931 - 78), which emerged initially in Germany before spreading rapidly to other European
capitals and then New York, which became the centre
of its activities.
In an earlier phase
of international investment, when
capital flowed primarily from developed to developing nations, only the latter had to worry about constraints on their sovereignty.
That is, how can you increase the
flow of referrals you receive from the other members
of your network (e.g. Lex Mundi, Meritas, Lawyers Associated Worldwide (LAW),
International Lawyers Network, ALFA, State
Capital Group, World Services Group, TerraLex, Avrio - Advocati)?
Capital flight laws are financial regulations that are designed to limit the
flow of money from domestic to
international accounts or sources.
With this market cycle winding down, researchers at real estate services firm Colliers
International expect transaction volume to continue to trend down through the rest
of the year, with moderate appreciation in values, according a 2017
Capital Flows Midyear Update.
Furthermore, the continent has seen an increase in global
capital flows into African real estate as well as a number
of large
international retailers and developers making their mark by entering the continent with ambitious plans.
It's called
capital flows, as
international sources
of money are increasingly being invested in U.S. real estate.