Sentences with phrase «of oa»

The amount of OA content thus makes not a lick of difference in the pricing of the subscription — and if the journal is part of the Big Deal, it makes even less of a difference.

When Pannekoek regained the floor, he noted some of the very interesting thing that Athabaska University is doing in terms of OA: they have established canada's first Open Access University Press, the have committed 1 % of their total budget to OA initiatives, are dedicated to open source software, and are a leader in the open courseware movement.

Last night's energetic keynote address from John Willinsky was humorous and engaging, and offered several interesting insights on the history and future of OA.

Likewise used worldwide, EPrints is (in my opinion) the free OA software that is the most powerful and best adapted for the continuously evolving developments of OA (lately not just mandates, but also research impact metrics).

In Canada, CARL / ABRC has a list of OA Week events, but not everything is noted there.

In terms of OA publishing, my summary included understanding copyright and contracts; planning ahead and leaving sufficient time to determine and clear relevant rights; and informing authors about underlying rights in their contributions and obtaining rights clearances and warranties from authors.

OA advocate Sandy Thatcher gave a thorough overview of the history of OA publishing, the different types of OA, and various OA publishers such as The National Academies Press and Athabasca Press, and various funding models for OA including revenue from print, author fees, foundations, endowments, subscription, patronage and advertising.

The mechanisms of interactions of OA with clouds and dry and wet removal processes parameterisations in global models are outlined.

Knowledge on the hygroscopicity of OA and measurements of optical properties of the organic aerosol constituents are summarized.

All pieces required for the representation of OA in a global climate model are sketched out with special attention to Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA): The emission estimates of primary carbonaceous particles and SOA precursor gases are summarized.

However, there have been relatively few studies that have investigated the impacts of OA on microbial processes, particularly those that affect the major biogeochemical cycles within the ocean [3,4].

Hence, the current narrative of OA as an anthropogenic process driven by increased CO2 emissions to the atmosphere and subsequent dissolution in the ocean is only applicable partially to the coastal ocean where anthropogenic impacts on pH have multiple sources and vary in intensity and direction.

Our understanding of OA composition is limited.

Whereas detection of OA by anthropogenic CO2 has been achieved in open - ocean time series, we contend that it has not yet been achieved reliably in coastal ecosystems and that attribution of observed changes in vulnerable organisms to OA has been confounded in the past by failure to acknowledge the different components of anthropogenic impacts on pH possibly involved.

A canonical paradigm of anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH can more effectively be used to formulate policies to conserve vulnerable calcifying organisms by acknowledging the various anthropogenic drivers of change in pH, identifying regional and even local actions that may help vulnerable coastal organisms adapt to the impacts of OA by anthropogenic CO2 (Kelly et al. 2011) in parallel to global mitigation efforts.

We propose here a new paradigm of anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH. This new paradigm provides a canonical approach towards integrating the multiple components of anthropogenic forcing that lead to changes in coastal pH. We believe that this paradigm, whilst accommodating that of OA by anthropogenic CO2, avoids the limitations the current OA paradigm faces to account for the dynamics of coastal ecosystems, where some ecosystems are not showing any acidification or basification trend whilst others show a much steeper acidification than expected for reasons entirely different from anthropogenic CO2 emissions.

In contrast, the revised paradigm of anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH accommodates the full range of realized and future trends in pH of both open - ocean and coastal ecosystems and provides an improved framework to understand and model the dynamic pH environment of coastal ecosystems, with observed daily fluctuations often exceeding the range of mean pH values estimated for the open ocean as a consequence of OA during the twenty - first century by GCMs (Price et al. 2012; Tables 1 and 2).

The impacts on marine pH derived from anthropogenic CO2 emissions have received the greatest attention and have led to a growing spectrum of research programs focused around the paradigm of OA by anthropogenic CO2 (Caldeira and Wickett 2003; Raven et al. 2005; Doney et al. 2009).

The effects of eutrophication on carbonate chemistry can exceed that of OA from anthropogenic CO2 by either increasing pH, when enhanced CO2 uptake by primary producers prevails (Borges and Gypens 2010), or by decreasing pH, where enhanced respiratory CO2 release prevails (Cai et al. 2011), a condition often associated with coastal hypoxia (Feely et al. 2010).

The strong controls that ecosystem metabolism and watershed processes exert on the pH in coastal ecosystems suggest that strategies based on the management of ecosystem components and watershed processes may help buffer the impacts of OA by anthropogenic CO2 locally, an option not available for the open ocean.

In particular, we formulate the thesis that the current concept of OA by anthropogenic CO2 should be subsumed within a broader, more encompassing paradigm of anthropogenic impacts on marine pH.

Whereas these effects on open - ocean pH are calculated to be minor, they can be higher, at rates of 0.02 — 0.12 × 10 − 3 pH units per year (< 10 % of OA by anthropogenic CO2), in coastal ecosystems (Doney et al. 2007), where atmospheric deposition is intense and the waters can be more weakly buffered.

This paradigm may also guide major improvements in the detection and attribution of OA by anthropogenic CO2 as a component of climate change by identifying and apportioning components of pH trajectories attributable to factors other than anthropogenic CO2.

Scenarios of OA by anthropogenic CO2, driven by CGMs, predict a decline of pH by 0.3 units and a shoaling of the horizon for dissolution of carbonate minerals, particularly aragonite, by the end of the century as a result of increased anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean (Caldeira and Wickett 2003, 2005; Orr et al. 2005; Raven et al. 2005; Meehl et al. 2007).

Thus, the large decline in pH could be due to a combination of OA, oligotrophication and enhanced respiration.

Disregarding that, impacts of OA are a surprising use of the carbon dioxide to create blooms on continental shelves where farmers have released large amounts of fertilizers.

Although researchers have documented variability in seawater carbonate chemistry on several occasions in different marine ecosystems (e.g., [9]--[15]-RRB-, this variation has been under - appreciated in these early stages of OA research.»

For simplicity and due to lack of experimental data, global computer models of aerosols have historically considered just one category of OA with the properties of POA.

The models» vertical distribution of OA shows an even higher diversity, spanning more than an order of magnitude.

In Phase II of AeroCom, a large - scale model intercomparison was performed to document the current state of OA modeling in the global troposphere, evaluate the OA simulations by comparison with observations, identify weaknesses that still exist in models, explain the agreements and disagreements between models and observations, and attempt to identify and analyze potential systematic biases in the models.

Below, I raise some of the aspects of OA research to which I contend an insufficient level of organized scepticism has been applied (in some cases, also to the articles in this theme issue).

As is true across all of science, studies that report no effect of OA are typically more difficult to publish.

I'm sure Curry (climate scientist) understands the basics of OA system and 2nd law of thermodynamics better than I do (my degree is in unrelated discipline) so I think she applies said basic law of physics bogusly to intentionally mislead the listener.

This year Flight Centre's Global Gathering was held on the stunning island of Oa» hu, Hawaii.

It represents an important innovation in the evolution of canine anti-inflammatory drugs because it targets the clinical signs by specifically blocking the prostaglandin EP4 receptor, which is the primary mediator of OA pain and inflammation.2 At the same time, Galliprant does not inhibit the production of many housekeeping prostanoids that maintain homeostatic functions.2, 3

«With Galliprant, veterinarians can feel confident about addressing canine OA pain and inflammation, even at the earliest diagnosed stages of OA.»

Some breeds are genetically predisposed to anatomic abnormalities that lead to the progression of OA.

This means scheduling regular evaluations to monitor the progression of OA and modify the treatment plan.

Dasuquin appears to be one of the most effective supplements to slow the progression of OA in your pet.

This form of OA is one of the more common forms seen in cats.

A previous trauma affecting a joint or the bones around a joint may also lead to progression of OA.

Therapeutic foods such as Canine Prescription Diet j / d, which is designed for companion animals with OA, supply age - appropriate nutrition and specific nutrients that may help reduce inflammation and pain, provide the building blocks for cartilage repair, slow the degradative process, compliment prescribed medications, and provide tangible improvement in symptoms of OA.

Studies indicate that nutritional management using a therapeutic food with high levels of omega - 3 fatty acids, and in particular EPA, helped improve the clinical signs of OA in dogs as measured by pet owners, clinical orthopedic examination, and gait analysis of ground reaction forces.

While meloxicam is not a cure for osteoarthritis, it can control the pain and inflammation of OA and improve your dog's mobility.

While Carprofen is not a cure for osteoarthritis, it can relieve the pain and inflammation of OA and improve your dog's mobility.

While etodolac is not a cure for osteoarthritis, it can relieve the pain and inflammation of OA and improve your dog's mobility.

At least 20 % of all dogs, regardless of age, show evidence of OA.

The risk of OA goes up with age as well as with increasing bone structure size, so the older and bigger the dog, the more likely it is to suffer from the inflammation and pain of OA.

Weight control is the single biggest factor in prevention of OA.

When a dog suffers from the pain of OA, it is important to get a complete and accurate diagnosis.