When learning to read, children have a much more difficult time learning to read words that are not already a part
of their oral vocabulary.
Beginning readers have a more difficult time reading words that are not part
of their oral vocabulary.
Since then, we have turned our attention to kindergarten and first - grade materials, focusing on the four most commonly used core curricula, to examine the breadth and depth
of oral vocabulary instruction — the pedagogical features of instruction and how these features might align with research - based evidence on vocabulary development.
Taken collectively, the five principles
of oral vocabulary development, in effect, highlight an approach that is designed to help children unlock the complexities of texts that we see throughout the CCSS.
George Farkas and Kurt Beron, «The Detailed Age Trajectory
of Oral Vocabulary Knowledge: Differences by Class and Race,» Social Science Research 33 (2004): 464 — 497.
Not exact matches
Topics included
vocabulary and abbreviations, trade math, fractions, decimals, percentages, geometry, bill
of materials (the list
of raw goods needed to make a product) and
oral communication.
However, this fun activity will give your child that special feeling
of having a job to do while building
vocabulary and
oral language skills.
Sharing this book with your child will expose her to many new
vocabulary words, which is important for the development
of oral language.
Current events discussions offer ample opportunity for skill building (e.g.
vocabulary development, reading and writing informational and analytical text,
oral expression, critical analysis — all part
of the ELA Common Core Learning Standards).
With her collaborator Mariela Paez, associate professor at Boston College, Uccelli examined the development
of vocabulary and
oral narrative skills among a group
of 24 bilingual (Spanish / English) children living in communities in Massachusetts and Maryland.
A Randomized Experiment
of a Mixed - Methods Literacy Intervention for Struggling Readers in Grades 4 - 6: Effects on Word Reading Efficiency, Reading Comprehension and
Vocabulary, and
Oral Reading Fluency.
Here's just one example: After almost a year in Head Start (with an average cost
of about $ 7,700 in 2005), children were able to name only about two more letters than their non — Head Start counterparts, and they did not show any significant gains on much more important measures, such as early math learning,
vocabulary,
oral comprehension (more indicative
of later reading comprehension), motivation to learn, or social competencies, including the ability to interact with peers and teachers.
For young children with a familial risk
of dyslexia, «it's not just that home literacy gives you a very important basis for learning to read —
oral comprehension,
vocabulary, etc..
Confirmatory analysis
of student outcomes indicated marginally significant effects in
oral vocabulary.
Text to give students an example
of production on the topic
of «my town» with 4 exercises: reading comprehension,
vocabulary, translation and written /
oral production.
Created by and for teachers using the highest - quality research, these courses offer in - class demonstrations for developing
oral language, academic
vocabulary, knowledge
of the world, and pre-literacy skills.
Additionally, students would record their voices and provide their classmates with a visual, written, and
oral explanation
of their
vocabulary word.
Concurrent with the study reported here, we collected a wide range
of data on over 200 preschool children (e.g.,
oral vocabulary, visual memory).
Each set
of notes includes detailed comprehension and
vocabulary instructional sequences,
oral language and writing activities, and two reproducible pages for independent follow - up work.
English Language Arts, Balanced Literacy, Creative Writing, Writing - Expository, Reading, Grammar, Spelling,
Vocabulary, Specialty, Math, Applied Math, Arithmetic, Basic Operations, Fractions, Geometry, Graphing, Measurement, Numbers, Order
of Operations, Science, Earth Sciences, Environment, Social Studies - History, Ancient History, World Language, Spanish, Arts & Music, Graphic Arts, Special Education, EFL - ESL - ELD, Health, Other (Specialty), ELA Test Prep, Math Test Prep, Geography, Other (Social Studies - History), Other (ELA), Life Skills, Religion, Gifted and Talented, Critical Thinking, For All Subject Areas, Literature, Classroom Management, Professional Development, Business, School Counseling, Character Education, Word Problems, Cooking, Short Stories, Writing,
Oral Communication, Child Care, Reading Strategies, Writing - Essays, Holidays / Seasonal, Back to School, Thanksgiving, Christmas / Chanukah / Kwanzaa, Poetry, Autumn, Mental Math, Halloween, Winter, The New Year, Valentine's Day, Presidents» Day, Decimals, St. Patrick's Day, Easter, Spring, Place Value, Tools for Common Core, For All Subjects, Summer, Informational Text, End
of Year, Phonics, Close Reading, Classroom Community
They build their
vocabulary, acquire conceptual knowledge, learn about letter - sound relationships and the relationship between
oral and written language, and practice the skills necessary to become automatic and fluent readers who can tackle the more specialized and technical texts
of secondary reading (Chall, 1983; Chall & Jacobs, 1996; Jacobs, 2000).
By the end
of high school, one estimate is that college - ready students will need to acquire about 80,000 words.17 This means that we should immerse students for extended periods in
oral and written
vocabulary experiences throughout their instructional years.
Rather, to improve children's
oral vocabulary development, teachers will need to augment the read - aloud experience with more intentional strategies that require children to process words at deeper levels
of understanding.
And our efforts to enhance the ability
of all children to communicate in academic language and academic thinking through
oral vocabulary development must begin early.
But first, we dispel some
of the common myths about
oral vocabulary development, which have often led to a lack
of attention for this important topic in school instruction.
Tanya S. Wright and Susan B. Neuman, «Paucity and Disparity in Kindergarten
Oral Vocabulary Instruction,» Journal
of Literacy Research (forthcoming).
Within this approach, students learn the basic building blocks
of literacy as they develop critical language skills through exposure to both
oral and academic
vocabulary.
Given that most
oral vocabulary development grows from a massive immersion in the world
of language, there is not a moment to waste.
Nevertheless, recent studies have begun to question whether incidental instruction through book reading may be substantial enough to significantly boost children's
oral vocabulary development.19 Several meta - analyses, for example, have reported only small to moderate effects
of book reading on
vocabulary development.20 One group
of researchers examined the added benefits
of dialogic reading, an interactive reading strategy, on children's
vocabulary growth and reported only modest gains for 2 - to 3 - year - olds.21 Further, these effects were reduced to negligible levels when children were 4 to 5 years old or when they were at risk for language and literacy impairments.
Through reading, talking, and writing about reading, English language learners will extend their knowledge
of the structure
of English and expand
oral vocabulary.
Eighth grade English is a year for students to fine tune and expand on skills introduced in seventh grade, specifically expository and creative writing, discussion and
oral presentation, critical reading, and the use
of more advanced
vocabulary and grammar.
For example, when one engages in an activity
of a certain KS in a certain context (like categorizing different types
of trees) particular linguistic features associated with that KS are used:
vocabulary in relation to types
of trees (deciduous, coniferous), syntactic structures signaling taxonomic or part - whole relations (Y is a type
of...), and discourse devices that connect sentences together to make the whole text —
oral or written — coherent in expressing the content meaning
of how trees are categorized.
Evidence that the presence
of orthography facilitates
oral vocabulary learning in children with specific language impairment (SLI), children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically developing children (controls), from Ricketts et al. (2015)
A targeted intervention program, Elements
of Reading * builds the broad
oral vocabulary essential for future reading proficiency using authentic read - aloud literature.
A combination
of visual,
oral, and cognitive reinforcement helps English language learners acquire new
vocabulary and concept meaning.
• Using real - world topics to jump - start discussions and debates in the classroom • Encouraging students to incorporate text - based evidence in their
oral arguments • Learning and mastering academic
vocabulary through first - person use • Empowering students
of all ability levels to participate in grade - level discussions
For the category
of word attack and word meaning, seven different types were reported, including phonics (29 %),
vocabulary (22 %), sight words (19 %), tests (12 %),
oral reading (9 %), spelling (5 %), and work samples (5 %).
Areas to be assessed, in depth, by a team
of individuals include the following: phonological awareness, phonological or language - based memory, rapid automatic naming, receptive
vocabulary, phonics skills, decoding / encoding real and pseudo-words,
oral reading fluency, writing at the sentence and paragraph level.
The eight sub-skills
of reading assessed by DORA are: high - frequency words, word recognition, phonics, phonemic awareness,
oral vocabulary, spelling, reading comprehension, and fluency.
These are two
of the best ways to expand
vocabulary and
oral expression skills.
The larger the reader's
vocabulary (either
oral or print), the easier it is to make sense
of the text.
Choosing Words
Vocabulary instruction should focus on words that are «likely to appear in a wide variety
of texts and in the written and
oral language
of mature language users» (Beck, McKeown, & Kucan, 2002, p. 16).
In both the look - say approach to learning sight
vocabulary and its analytic approach to phonics, whether the unit
of focus is a word or a letter, the basic task for the student is to translate from the written to the
oral code.
Such a low - level emphasis fails to challenge high - ability learners who have mastered the fundamental reading skills and are ready for high - level applications
of those skills in critical reading, expository writing,
oral communication, linguistic and
vocabulary development, and foreign language (VanTassel - Baska, 1996).
Children's
oral vocabulary — their knowledge
of the sounds and meanings
of words — is strongly positively associated with their reading all the way through school.
They demonstrate their skills —
oral language,
vocabulary use and comprehension, listening skills, spatial awareness, cooperation, empathy, numerical competency, and knowledge
of the locations
of body parts.