In A History
of Philosophical Systems, edited by Vergilius Ferm.
Charles Hartshorne, «Panpsychism,» in A History
of Philosophical Systems, ed.
«Hartshorne's «Panpsychism» in A History
of Philosophical Systems, V. Ferrn (ed.)
27 of A History
of Philosophical Systems, ed.
A History
of Philosophical Systems.
Whitehead once observed that there is a hidden imaginative background behind even the most refined and abstract
of philosophical systems.
Commentators of Aristotle have often noted an unresolved tension at the center
of his philosophical system, inasmuch as the Aristotelian ontology is centered on the primacy of individual substances, while his epistemology is centered on the intelligibility of the universal.
If we take the idea of query seriously, then the merit
of a philosophical system rests in its capacity to promote query, not in its completion as defined by its author.
Exactly how Harmony interweaves with Ideas, in contrast to The Physical Elements, to The Psyche, to The Eros, to The Receptacle, is a task
of a philosophical system.
Not exact matches
In regards to pluralism (the
philosophical system), it is simply a product
of the syncretism, synthesis, and despair that has resulted from the rise and dominance
of existential philosophy (existentialism having given up on the quest for truth a long time ago).
Almost every idea
of God offered by philosophers and theologians was an exception to the respective
philosophical systems and not their primary exemplification — here I agree with Hartshorne.
Discovering obscurities in other
philosophical systems came to be one
of his favorite activities.
In short, the irreducible complexity
of molecular
systems is controversial among molecular biologists when it is presented as an idea with
philosophical consequences, and tacitly accepted as reality when it remains in the world
of innocent fact.
The way out
of this seeming contradiction is to mount another distinction within Aristotle's
philosophical system, this time the distinction between primary and secondary causality.
The Middle Ages brought about a great flowering
of Christian culture: the cathedrals and the
philosophical systems (especially in Thomas Aquinas), as well as Christianity's development
of social structures.
Although many
of us find in Whitehead's
philosophical achievement a
system nearly unparalleled for its balance, intricacy, and tight coherence, it can not be gainsaid that many
of his books leave much to be desired with respect to the order
of presentation.
In Science and the Modern World, we noted how White - head first criticized the introduction
of God into
philosophical systems and then himself introduced him.
As traditional theology was a relatively well defined
system, the same in certain basic respects — despite all sorts
of philosophical and ecclesiastical differences — in Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Maimonides, Leibniz, Calvin, Immanuel Kant, and some schools
of Hindu thought, so the new theology which many be contrasted with the old is found more or less fully and consistently represented in thinkers as far apart as William James,... Henri Bergson, F. R. Tennant,... A. N. Whitehead,... Nicholas Berdyaev,... and in numerous others
of every brand
of Protestantism, besides a few... Roman Catholics.
The decision on the part
of the Christian theologian as to where he should turn for his natural theology should involve the judgment as to whether the vision
of reality underlying the
philosophical system is compatible with that essentially involved in the Christian faith...
But they do believe that the basic principles and structure
of his
system provide the basis for solving both the
philosophical and the theological problems
of our own time.
From the perspective
of theology as we understand it, all human divisions,
systems, social and political institutions, all
philosophical thoughts, find themselves on the same level, on the side
of the created world in its corruption and promise.
I'm NOT just talking about «bible believers» (yes, Christians and Jews believe in human evil, but so do a wide variety
of religions, AND
philosophical systems, AND political
systems, AND individual thinkers), and you and I both know that we're not just talking about «millions», but BILLIONS — the number
of those who believe in human evil FAR outnumber you.
Even the discordance
of comprehensive
philosophical systems is a factor essential for progress....
There is also continuity in the correspondence between the qualifiers used for God in both [D] and [E]: «unmoved mover» in 342.17 -LRB-[El) recovers, in a formulation that is peculiar to some
philosophical systems, the general idea
of staticity in God (346.38, in [D]-RRB-, whereas «eminently real» (342.18 - 19, in [E]-RRB- is identical to «eminent reality» (346.38, In [D]-RRB-.
And yet modernity was also understood as a
philosophical and theological
system that displaced, or at least threatened, what could be called the praeambula fidei — the «preambles
of faith,» which include the truths
of natural reason, particularly on
philosophical issues close to sacred doctrine.
Since the sixteenth century, he complained,
philosophical systems have «multiplied beyond measure,» and even Catholic philosophers have accommodated themselves to a curricular mentality that «depends on the authority and choice
of any professor.»
Far from conforming human persons to a
philosophical system, the Church has held Thomas as the master because humans themselves thirst for the kind
of wisdom Thomas pursued and taught.
Consequently, the
system ideal, like the notion
of personal identity sketched in (ii), is perhaps better viewed as a regulative principle guiding
philosophical reflection than as a
philosophical reality that we can appropriate and elucidate in the present.
The probable answer is that in these lectures he was addressing an audience
of modernist liberal rationalists, and wanted to persuade them that even their own
philosophical system had to concede at least some room for nonrational opinions on public questions, and therefore for religious opinion.
Depending on how you draw up definitions, the first can blend into the second, and even the second and third can overlap on some belief
systems and
philosophical overviews (such as from Whitehead — if you're wondering who he is, he co-wrote the modern founding treatise
of logic).
By analyzing the Marxist
system, he offered the
philosophical basis for his cautionary stance toward liberation theology - a position prefigured in his discussion
of alienation in Anthropology in 7heological Perspective (Westminster, 1985).
Solzhenitsyn, on the other hand, has given up seeking the theoretical high ground from which to build a new
philosophical system and instead articulates a strategy
of resistance against any and all metaperspectives.
The first results
of these metaphysical inquiries can be found in the five books
of the manuscript «Notes towards a Metaphysic» (written from September 1933 till May 1934), in which he makes an endeavor to construct a cosmological - metaphysical
system of his own, 5 following the example
of Whitehead's and Alexander's description
of reality as a process, but based on his method elaborated in An Essay on
Philosophical Method, 6 and in «Sketch
of a Cosmological Theory,» the first (never published) cosmology conclusion to The Idea
of Nature.
This summary
of the first two books
of The Star
of Redemption explains why it is not precisely wrong for Pollock to say that Rosenzweig has written a
philosophical system in which he has demonstrated a particular type
of All or totality.
At least one
of them, that suggested by Tillich, depends to a considerable degree upon the Tillichian «
system» in which there is much talk about «existential» and «essential» manhood, not to mention the more general
philosophical position which he adopts with its talk about «the ground
of being», «the power
of being», and «the new being in Christ» — the last
of these constituting in fact what «restitution» is all about.
Theological and
philosophical systems such as Hegel's run the risk
of obscuring this crucial problem by making it seem an objective matter capable
of a universal solution, rather than a subjective one that each person must confront.
He felt that only those had developed a full
philosophical - religious
system of their own were entitled to the designation «theologian.»
I disagree, rather, with the distorted interpretations based on patriarchal social patterns and neo-platonic
philosophical systems which men have used to obscure the radical message
of the Gospel and to oppress women.15
On a
philosophical level we can use the relationship
of the tree and the boy as a way to remind ourselves
of the very different judgments produced by utilitarian and deontological ethical
systems.
While Bultmann in some sense agrees with this, Ogden says, his employment
of Heidegger's
philosophical system makes the second kind
of language virtually impossible.
Thus instead
of trying to construct a
philosophical system which accords with the rule
of reason, as Hegel had done, Nietzsche begins by turning reason against itself, uncovering in the process its «irrational» origins in nature («On the Genealogy & Morals,» BWN; Sections 2 and 16; WP, Sections 480 and 481).
To put this another way: Taylor's «suspicion»
of doctrine or, more generally,
of speculative
philosophical systems is not about the inability
of language to express the truth
of life.
These may include not only broad
philosophical issues such as whether the universe has a purpose, but also questions we have become accustomed to think
of as empirical, such as bow life first began or bow complex biological
systems were put together.
Undoubtedly the most neglected aspect
of Whitehead's copious
philosophical system is his social philosophy, in general, and his views on civilization, in particular.
Over against it he sets up a
philosophical system of cosmic determinisrn, a sort
of universal wheel
of time on which life and nature and history are forever wearily repeating themselves as often as the cycle
of time brings round once more the things that have receded into the past.
p. 144, quoting Ellul: «The Hebrew Bible (even the wisdom books) is not a
philosophical construction or a
system of knowledge.
This initially occurs in Descartes and Spinoza, but it becomes far more comprehensive in Schelling and Hegel, and so much so that the whole body
of dogmatic theology undergoes a metamorphosis into pure
philosophical thinking in Hegel's
system.
Consistent with Whitehead's
philosophical system, God, as a part
of reality, interacts with the rest
of reality.
This is not to suggest that Jesus spelled out, in a
philosophical system, the thought
of a divine energy at work in the world.
«1 This same claim can be made in Whitehead's case: he came to incorporate the existence
of God within his
system largely by
philosophical reflections on the problem.