(See sidebar, The Life and Times
of SOAs.)
Few researchers, however, have considered the formation
of SOAs in our indoor environments.
Among the seemingly minor things to watch: spending on lunches out and afternoon lattes, says Vickie Bajtelsmit, co-author
of the SOA report and a professor in Colorado State University's the Department of Finance and Real Estate.
Volatility is a key property of organic aerosol because it determines the partitioning between the gas and particle phases, and thus the formation
of SOA particles.
The complexities of the relationship need to be included in the next generation of models to accurately predict the dynamics
of SOA formation and composition in different environments.
Accurately simulating the impacts
of SOA on climate requires understanding the chemical processes that lead to SOA formation in the atmosphere under a wide variety of environmental conditions.
A study published April 7 in PNAS Online Early Edition describes how a team of scientists, including researchers from the University of California, Davis, showed that vapor losses to the walls of laboratory chambers can suppress the formation of secondary organic aerosol, which in turn has contributed to the underprediction
of SOA in climate and air quality models.
To help address this challenge, a team of U.S. Department of Energy researchers conducted laboratory experiments in an environmental chamber to investigate the effects of NOx on the volatility and chemical composition
of SOA generated by isoprene photooxidation.
New research from PNNL further defines the role
of SOA so that scientists can more accurately depict their effect on the climate.
These papers and similar findings published led to a paradigm shift in the way models describe SOA formation and evaporation, including a new treatment
of SOA that is currently being implemented in DOE's Accelerated Climate Model for Energy (ACME).
Why It Matters: Models have persistently and significantly underestimated atmospheric loadings
of SOA.
These data indicate that under many atmospherically - relevant conditions SOA particles are significantly more viscous and orders of magnitude less volatile than assumed in traditional modeling approaches; SOA formation yields can be significantly higher than previously reported values; and anthropogenic pollution enhance loadings
of SOA from biogenic precursors.
In the history
of SOA, I have never released a guest post that was written by a follower.
The below pictures are from Ivan, one
of our SOA community members and «Bodyweight Overload» participants.
Sadly, the first season
of SOA has been a huge disappointment.
This season
of SOA is by far the best yet.
The season five premiere
of SOA was, to say the least, AMAZING.
Not the best season
of SoA, but a awesome and badass start.
Is this one of the the games
of SOA?
Søren Kierkegaard's book The Concept of Dread (1844), in particular the chapter on «subjective dread,» functions as an initial reference
of the SoA.
The models that explicitly simulate SOA calculate a slower removal rate
of SOA from these altitudes than is assumed in the other models.
The response of the global budget
of SOA to temperature and moisture changes as well as to biogenic emission changes over a decade (1984 - 1993) has been evaluated.
The SOA computed variability results from a 7 % increase in biogenic VOC emissions from 1986 to 1990 combined with 8.5 % and 6 % increases in the wet and dry deposition
of SOA and leads to about 11.5 % increase in the SOA burden of biogenic origin.
Provides that where a person is charged in respect of conduct that is an offence under the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (SOA 2003) and was an offence under one of the repealed offences listed in sub-s (2), and the only thing preventing the person being found guilty is that it can not be proven beyond reasonable doubt whether the conduct took place before or after the commencement
of SOA 2003, then it shall be conclusively presumed for the purposes of determining the guilt of the defendant that the conduct took place at a time when the offence in respect of that conduct carried the lower penalty in terms of a custodial sentence which could be imposed on conviction of the defendant.
A person has three days in which to notify the police of this change, and the syntax
of SOA 2003 makes clear that this begins at the time the change becomes applicable: ``... his having resided or stayed, for a qualifying period.»
Involved in the development
of SOA platform which migrated the existing legacy applications in to ESB layer comprising of Message Broker / WTX and MQ Series
Not exact matches
Also, married - couple household heads ages 55 to 64 — who had combined income
of $ 105,000 in 2014 and assets
of $ 250,000 not including their home — were among those prepared for a comfortable retirement, according to the new
SOA report.
SOA is distilled in a unique mash bill
of 51 % corn, 45 % wheat and 4 % malted barley.
TV Shows (Thank Goodness for DVR): The Walking Dead,
SOA, Homeland, Salvation, Firefly, Formula 1, Game
of Thrones, Ray Donovan, Fear The Walking Dead, Whose Line Is It Anyway?
Carbonaceous PM is made up
of black carbon, primary organic aerosol (POA) and, especially, secondary organic aerosol (
SOA), which is known to contain harmful reactive oxygen species and can damage lung tissue.
Researchers from UC Davis and the California Institute
of Technology conducted a series
of experiments in a 24 cubic meter environmental chamber using the volatile organic compound toluene, which is emitted from motor vehicles and is an important
SOA precursor.
Researchers found that the volatility and oxidation state
of isoprene
SOA are sensitive to, and exhibit a nonlinear dependence on, NOx levels.
Yet, the factors that influence the formation
of these aerosols, known as secondary organic aerosol or
SOA, are often assumed.
SOA impacts air quality and climate and makes up a major fraction
of particulate matter in the atmosphere.
This observation helps reconcile the seemingly contradictory observations
of the NOx effect on isoprene
SOA volatility reported in previous literature studies.
«The results show that biogenic processes forming
SOA in general and the recently discovered ELVOC - compounds in particular play an extremely important role in the chemistry
of the atmosphere,» explains Prof. Hartmut Herrmann, head
of the Department
of Atmospheric Chemistry at TROPOS.
«We found that one
of the biggest factors contributing to
SOA formation by limonene ozonolysis was the air exchange rate,» Waring said.
The first step toward understanding the health implications is finding how many
of these microscopic
SOA particles are created when household cleaning products and air fresheners react with ozone indoors.
While the next step in this line
of research would be to examine the health impacts
of indoor
SOA, a few ways to reduce indoor aerosols would be to use unscented cleaners and open windows while cleaning.
A Memorandum
of Understanding between the International Ocean Institute (IOI), and the State Oceanic Administration
of the People's Republic
of China (
SOA) was entered into.
This includes MOUs with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC / UNESCO); the International Maritime Organization (IMO); the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP); the Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas
of East Asia (PEMSEA); the State Oceanic Administration
of the People's Republic
of China (
SOA); the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT); the Cluster
of Excellence on the Future Ocean at Christian - Albrechts Universitat zu Kiel, Germany; the European Centre for Information on Marine Science and Technology (EurOcean); the University
of Malta; the State Enterprise on Caspian Sea Issues at the President
of Turkmenistan in Turkmenistan; and the High Seas Alliance among others.
Characterization
of chemical composition
of secondary organic aerosols (
SOA).
These have garnered more than 600 citations advancing our understanding
of what the research field calls secondary organic aerosols — or
SOA for short — and how the carbon - containing aerosol particles mix in the atmosphere.
The CARES field campaign was designed to increase scientific knowledge about the evolution
of black carbon, primary organic aerosols (POA), and secondary organic aerosols (
SOA) from both human - caused and natural (biogenic) sources.
«Together, our studies
of evaporation rates and viscosity provide incontrovertible experimental data that the assumptions invoked to model
SOA formation and evolution are fundamentally flawed,» said Dr. Alla Zelenyuk, the PNNL chemist who led the study.
Secondary organic aerosols, or
SOAs, are created when hydrocarbon gases, given off by everything from pine trees to snow blowers, undergo a series
of chemical reactions in the atmosphere to produce particles.
SOAs vastly outnumber all other types
of aerosols in the air.
Session Description: Recent laboratory and field studies provide new insights into the formation, growth, phase, viscosity, and volatility
of secondary organic aerosols (
SOA).
Gold Medal Bodies: If I could recommend only one place to learn calisthenics skills (other than
SOA of course) it would be GMB.
Here are some training resources (other than
SOA) that can help you develop some
of the skills mentioned above: