A Preliminary Investigation into Critical Thinking Skills
of Urban High School Students: Role of an IT / STEM Program
9 Robert Cooper and Suzanne Markoe - Hayes, Improving the Educational Possibilities
of Urban High School Students as They Transition from 8th to 9th Grade, University of California All Campus Consortium on Research for Diversity, September 2005 Url: http://ucaccord.gseis.ucla.edu/publications/pubs/pb-013-0905.pdf
About 75 percent
of urban high school students attended schools of that size.
Not exact matches
Marjory Stoneman Douglas
High School is the jewel
of Parkland, graduating top - notch
students and athletes who grow up in a dignified affluence far removed from the gritty
urban sprawl
of Miami.
Next we heard from Mark Terry, who gave a compelling comparison
of his old
school district — a low SES
urban district with a
high ELL population, an 85 % free / reduced qualifying rate, and a
high need for meal and nutrition education services — and his current district, which is more affluent with a much lower free / reduced qualification rate and a community
of parents who have
high expectations for
student success and a healthy lifestyle.
This longitudinal study in 3 middle
schools and 3
high schools in a large,
urban US
school district in Washington state compared the nutritional quality of student school lunch food selections before and after the implementation of the new National School Lunch Program meal stan
school district in Washington state compared the nutritional quality
of student school lunch food selections before and after the implementation of the new National School Lunch Program meal stan
school lunch food selections before and after the implementation
of the new National
School Lunch Program meal stan
School Lunch Program meal standards.
An analysis by AQE found Cuomo's proposed cuts in operating aid average $ 773 per pupil in the 30
urban and suburban
school districts classified as «
high - need» by the State Education Department that have the greatest concentration
of black and Hispanic
students.
Hunter is the mother
of a
high school student, which she says gives her insights into issues an
urban district faces.
More than 90 %
of urban students finish
high school.
Giving special treatment to young
urban black males in the
high school classroom runs the risk
of shortchanging these
students academically once they get to college, indicates a new study by a Michigan State University education scholar.
A decade ago, the Cleveland Heights - University Heights City
School District in Ohio set out on a daunting task of taking a large urban high school with 2,000 students and breaking it up into five smaller units housed in different parts of the bui
School District in Ohio set out on a daunting task
of taking a large
urban high school with 2,000 students and breaking it up into five smaller units housed in different parts of the bui
school with 2,000
students and breaking it up into five smaller units housed in different parts
of the building.
School districts that already had higher fractions of students enrolled in private schools, even accounting for the urban or rural location of the district, had a greater likelihood of having a charter school open in their district by 2003 — 04 and a greater share of their students enrolled in cha
School districts that already had
higher fractions
of students enrolled in private
schools, even accounting for the
urban or rural location
of the district, had a greater likelihood
of having a charter
school open in their district by 2003 — 04 and a greater share of their students enrolled in cha
school open in their district by 2003 — 04 and a greater share
of their
students enrolled in charters.
Our research begins to fill this gap with two studies
of the G&T programs available to
high - achieving middle -
school students in a large
urban school district in the southwestern United States which, to preserve anonymity we shall refer to as LUSD.
Students in rural areas have to travel farther to reach
school than their
urban counterparts — a commute
of several hours by boat is considered normal — and many
of their parents may not have the education level necessary to help with
high school homework.
Not only did the district, the largest in the country, take on a
student population that had come to symbolize the impossibility
of educating a certain kind
of child — the
urban poor who entered
high school two and three grades behind — but it succeeded in getting those
students to graduation.
This comparison is likely to generate misleading conclusions for one simple reason, as the authors themselves point out on the first page
of the executive summary and then again on page 57
of the full report: «the concentration
of charter
schools in
urban areas skews the charter
school enrollment towards having
higher percentages
of poor and minority
students.»
This year the list is topped by four major research pieces: an analysis
of how U.S.
students from highly educated families perform compare with similarly advantaged
students from other countries; a study investigating what
students gain when they are taken on field trips to see
high - quality theater performances; a study
of teacher evaluation systems in four
urban school districts that identifies strengths and weaknesses
of different evaluation systems; and the results
of Education Next's annual survey
of public opinion on education.
Urban charter
schools are another exception: They yield strongly positive outcomes for low - income and minority
students despite
high rates
of teacher and principal turnover.
Recently released reports from both the
Urban Institute and the Manhattan Institute have highlighted the toll
of this failure on our young people: Nationwide, one - third
of high school students will fail to graduate, and...
For example, while these five
urban charter
schools offer an existence proof that
high standardized test scores are possible and within the grasp
of every
student in this country, it is equally true that the several practices
of successful traditional
schools in areas such as special education, the arts, or second language proficiency, offer insights for the charter world.
LACES» results stand out even more because the
school has many
of the challenges that often sink
urban schools into the lower - performing category and anchor them there: a predominately
urban, minority population; large classes (the average is 29
students in middle -
school classes, 34 in
high school); few computers, no computer lab, and a building that was new when Franklin D. Roosevelt served as president.
And unlike many
urban schools where teachers spend the bulk
of the day on scripted lessons, drilling classes on basic skills for
high - stakes tests, LACES teachers spend very little time prepping
students for California's state tests.
Typically,
urban and rural
schools serving poor and minority
students have the
highest turnover rates, and as a result they have the
highest percentages
of first - year teachers, the
highest percentages
of teachers with fewer than five years
of teaching experience, the lowest paid teachers, and the lowest percentages
of accomplished teachers.
One superintendent
of a large,
urban school district said that low - income
high -
school students in his district were beginning to take MOOCs in greater numbers than
students from more privileged backgrounds.
His most recent publications include «African - American Parents» Orientations towards
Schools» (with K. Williams Gomez; in press) in Education and
Urban Society; «
High - Stakes Accountability in
Urban Elemenatary
Schools» (with J. Spillane; in press) in Teachers College Record; «Teachers» Expectations and Sense
of Responsibility for
Student Learning» (with A. Randolph and J. Spillane; in press) in Anthropology and Education Quarterly; and «Towards a Theory
of School Leadership» (with J. Spillane and R. Halverson; in press) in Journal
of Curriculum Studies.
The
school characteristics include whether it is in an
urban area, grade level (e.g.,
high school), the number
of students enrolled,
student - teacher ratio, the percentage
of students who are eligible for the free or reduced - price lunch program, the percentage
of minority
students, and measures
of student achievement in reading and math.
We have these
school divisions and the
urban areas have [
high populations] and obviously big
school divisions, but the rural divisions have struggled to maintain a variety
of course offerings to
high school students in their really small
schools.
The
school, which is located in the southwest quadrant
of Dallas, Texas, serves 424
urban high school students who are first - generation college attendees.
From July 16 — July 23, 10
high school students from
urban communities visited Harvard through Quang's program to get an initial taste
of the college experience.
Across the Asia Society's ISSN network, which predominantly serves
students from economically disadvantaged,
high - minority, and
urban backgrounds, approximately 92 percent
of students graduate from
high school on time, and among those, more than 90 percent go on to college (Wiley, 2012).
All that said, Chicago isn't the only
urban school district in the nation struggling with the demands
of educating a large number
of high - need
students.
I believe my ongoing efforts through teaching
high school history as well as leading a nonprofit focused on college access reflect my deep commitment to the complexities
of urban education and to helping
students through obstacles and hardships.
In effect, the nation's
urban high schools, which served increasing numbers
of young people from poor and immigrant families, were arguably providing the best academic and, for a smaller number
of students, vocational education available in the United States at that time.
Second, the Cristo Rey
Schools are Catholic high schools located in urban areas with high concentrations of economically disadvantaged and minority st
Schools are Catholic
high schools located in urban areas with high concentrations of economically disadvantaged and minority st
schools located in
urban areas with
high concentrations
of economically disadvantaged and minority
students.
The gatherings can be especially relevant for teachers in
urban,
high - needs areas, where
students may be less likely than their suburban peers to have access to coding enrichment outside
of school.
The disconnect between real life and the
high school experience and the absence
of any real connection to peers and teachers causes many
students on the margins to give up: More than 30 percent
of U.S.
students who enter
high school never finish, according to a recent report by Harvard University's Civil Rights Project, the
Urban Institute, Advocates for Children
of New York, and the Civil Society Institute.
The
Urban Academy and more than 30 other alternative
high schools that are part
of the New York Performance Standards Consortium have adopted these rigorous performance assessments as an alternative to the Regents Exams, which
high school students throughout New York State are required to pass in English, math, history, and science in order to earn a diploma.
According to a 2002 study
of children in Dane County, Wisconsin, by
urban - policy consultant David Rusk, low - income children at
schools with a middle - class majority scored 20 - 32 percent
higher on standardized tests compared with what their scores would be at
schools with a lower percentage
of middle - class
students.
This meta - analysis
of social and emotional learning interventions (including 213
school - based SEL programs and 270,000
students from rural, suburban and
urban areas) showed that social and emotional learning interventions had the following effects on
students ages 5 - 18: decreased emotional distress such as anxiety and depression, improved social and emotional skills (e.g., self - awareness, self - management, etc.), improved attitudes about self, others, and
school (including
higher academic motivation, stronger bonding with
school and teachers, and more positive attitudes about
school), improvement in prosocial
school and classroom behavior (e.g., following classroom rules), decreased classroom misbehavior and aggression, and improved academic performance (e.g. standardized achievement test scores).
Going to college may not seem like the biggest
of deals these days, but it remains an all too elusive goal for many public
high school students in
urban areas.
SABIS demonstrates the strength
of its model as its middle - and
high -
school students surge ahead while their peers in
urban district
schools fall increasingly behind.
Robinson, Lloyd and Rowe noted that: «Instructional leadership theory has its empirical origins in studies undertaken during the late 1970's and 80's
of schools in poor
urban communities where
students succeeded despite the odds... these
schools typically had strong instructional leadership, including a learning climate free
of disruption, a system
of clear teaching objectives, and
high teacher expectations for
students.»
At E.J. Scott Elementary in Houston, a relentless focus on
student achievement and
high standards has created what researchers say is a model
of a successful
urban school.
In 2007 they approved funding for the first public Waldorf methods
high school, in the Sacramento Unified School District; and (3) Three key findings on urban public schools with Waldorf methods: (a) In their final year, the students in the study's four California case study public Waldorf - methods elementary schools match the top ten of peer sites on the 2006 California test scores and well outperform the average of their peers statewide; (b) According to teacher, administrator and mentor reports, they achieve these high test scores by focusing on those new three R's — rather than on rote learning and test prep — in a distinct fashion laid out by the Waldorf model and (c) A key focus is on artistic learning, not just for students but, more importantly perhaps, for the a
school, in the Sacramento Unified
School District; and (3) Three key findings on urban public schools with Waldorf methods: (a) In their final year, the students in the study's four California case study public Waldorf - methods elementary schools match the top ten of peer sites on the 2006 California test scores and well outperform the average of their peers statewide; (b) According to teacher, administrator and mentor reports, they achieve these high test scores by focusing on those new three R's — rather than on rote learning and test prep — in a distinct fashion laid out by the Waldorf model and (c) A key focus is on artistic learning, not just for students but, more importantly perhaps, for the a
School District; and (3) Three key findings on
urban public
schools with Waldorf methods: (a) In their final year, the
students in the study's four California case study public Waldorf - methods elementary
schools match the top ten
of peer sites on the 2006 California test scores and well outperform the average
of their peers statewide; (b) According to teacher, administrator and mentor reports, they achieve these
high test scores by focusing on those new three R's — rather than on rote learning and test prep — in a distinct fashion laid out by the Waldorf model and (c) A key focus is on artistic learning, not just for
students but, more importantly perhaps, for the adults.
Strengthening
school districts — Launched in 2009, the Irvine - funded California Linked Learning District Initiative was implemented over seven years within nine California
school districts that, together, served 14 percent
of the state's public
high school students (including a
high percentage
of low - income youth
of color, within rural and
urban geographies).
And even as we watch in wonder as
high - performing
urban charter
schools send increasing numbers
of low - income minority
students to college, it is hard not to be discouraged by the many more who remain trapped in
schools that simply do not work, left to wander through the same opportunity void as their parents before them.
Urban charter
schools have an incredible track record
of increasing
student achievement, while increasing
school funding by as much as 10 % yields very modest test score effects, and these effects come at a very
high cost.
Although not without exceptions, the evidence generally indicates that more stringent graduation requirements reduced
high school graduation rates among vulnerable groups, specifically low - achieving
students (including those with learning disabilities),
students of color, and
urban low - income
students.
In 2010, Wallace launched the Principal Pipeline Initiative, a six - year investment to help six
urban school districts develop a much larger corps
of effective
school principals and to determine whether this boosts
student achievement districtwide, especially in the
highest needs
schools.
According to research sponsored by the Council
of Urban Boards
of Education (CUBE) and the National
School Boards Association (NSBA), they include (1) feelings of safety among staff and students; (2) supportive relationships within the school; (3) engagement and empowerment of students as valued members and resources in the school community; (4) clear rules and boundaries that are understood by all students and staff; (5) high expectations for academic achievement and appropriate behavior; and (6) trust, respect, and an ethos of caring (Bryant & Kelly, 2006; Elfstrom, Vanderzee, Cuellar, Sink, & Volz, 2006; Perkins,
School Boards Association (NSBA), they include (1) feelings
of safety among staff and
students; (2) supportive relationships within the
school; (3) engagement and empowerment of students as valued members and resources in the school community; (4) clear rules and boundaries that are understood by all students and staff; (5) high expectations for academic achievement and appropriate behavior; and (6) trust, respect, and an ethos of caring (Bryant & Kelly, 2006; Elfstrom, Vanderzee, Cuellar, Sink, & Volz, 2006; Perkins,
school; (3) engagement and empowerment
of students as valued members and resources in the
school community; (4) clear rules and boundaries that are understood by all students and staff; (5) high expectations for academic achievement and appropriate behavior; and (6) trust, respect, and an ethos of caring (Bryant & Kelly, 2006; Elfstrom, Vanderzee, Cuellar, Sink, & Volz, 2006; Perkins,
school community; (4) clear rules and boundaries that are understood by all
students and staff; (5)
high expectations for academic achievement and appropriate behavior; and (6) trust, respect, and an ethos
of caring (Bryant & Kelly, 2006; Elfstrom, Vanderzee, Cuellar, Sink, & Volz, 2006; Perkins, 2006).