Sentences with phrase «of a billionth of a second»

Inflation theory postulates that in the first hundred - millionth of a billionth of a billionth of a billionth of a second of its life, the universe expanded as though it were turbocharged, swelling much faster than the speed of light, before settling down to a more sedate rate of growth.

An ultrafast «electron camera» at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has made the first direct snapshots of atomic nuclei in molecules that are vibrating within millionths of a billionth of a second after being hit by a laser pulse.

«There's nothing magical about the atomic unit of time,» he says, saying zeptosecond pulses of trillionths of a billionth of a second might be possible.

The chemical reaction is incredibly quick, taking less that a thousandth of a billionth of a second,» said Villy Sundström, Professor of Chemistry at Lund University.

The material changes in just one - tenth of a billionth of a second, and LCLS can deliver enough X-rays to capture information about those changes in a much shorter time that that.»

But actually measuring those times and distances to the accuracy needed to detect differences of billionths of a second (1 nanosecond = 1 billionth of a second) is no easy task.

Specifically, this rare «hexagonal diamond» — so named for its crystal structure — forms at a pressure of 500,000 atmospheres and on the timescale of billionths of a second.

Using tunneling ionization and ultrashort laser pulses, scientists have been able to observe the structure of a molecule and the changes that take place within billionths of a billionth of a second when it is excited by an electron impact.

The universe went through a traumatic growth spurt before it was a billionth of a billionth of a second old, according to the latest data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP).

When the x-ray source sent out pulses as short as 80 millions of billionths of a second, the researchers could see the first short period of the crystal melting, which occurred in an unexpected way: The atoms diverged from their initial energy equilibrium while the average crystalline structure remained — a rarely studied behavior that could not have been seen as clearly with other techniques.

The result in an astonishing 15 millionth of a billionth of a second at a distance of half a billionth of a metre.

Scientists from the Chair of Laser Physics and the Chair of Applied Physics at Friedrich - Alexander - Universität Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU) have succeeded in switching on a current with a desired direction in graphene using a single laser pulse within a femtosecond — a femtosecond corresponds to the millionth part of a billionth of a second.

Alongside him, a couple of off - the - shelf lasers spit out pulses of light just millionths of a billionth of a second long.

«In laser fusion, an ignited target is like a miniature star of about a 10th of a millimeter, which produces the energy equivalent of a few gallons of gasoline over a fraction of a billionth of a second.

This interaction takes place in attosecond times (i.e. billionths of a billionth of a second).

Ultrafast lasers have measured how long electrons take to be booted from a helium atom with zeptosecond precision — trillionths of a billionth of a second

Prof. C David Wright, an expert in electronic engineering and co-author of the study said: «This device is able carry out all the basic functions you'd associate with the traditional abacus — addition, subtraction, multiplication and division — what's more it can do this using picosecond (one - thousandth of a billionth of a second) light pulses.»

If the light pulse that you shine at the material is very, very short, a few millionths of a billionth of a second — that is a few femto seconds — it creates a very rapid change in the material.

This deeper level of analysis revealed changes in the tantalum's lattice orientation, or texture, taking place in about one - tenth of a billionth of a second.

When they, together with researchers of the HZB, directed a well - focused laser beam with a pulse of 100 femtoseconds (a femtosecond is a millionth of a billionth of a second) at the alloy, a ferromagnetic area was formed.

The pulses are extremely short — only 50 femtoseconds, or millionths of a billionth of a second, long — and like a camera with a very fast shutter speed they can record the metal's response in great detail.

An attosecond is a billionth of a billionth of a second.

Monti's «stopwatch» makes it possible to track moving electrons at a resolution of a mere attosecond — a billionth of a billionth of a second.

One vibrational cycle took about 400 femtoseconds; one femtosecond, or millionth of a billionth of a second, is the time it takes light to travel a small fraction of the width of a human hair.

Physicists believe that by the time the universe was just 10 - 33 of a second old (that's a millionth of a billionth of a billionth of a billionth of a second), the temperature had dropped from unimaginably hot to a mere 18 million billion billion degrees.

Within a few hundred attoseconds — billionths of a billionth of a second — of being hit by an X-ray pulse, they are already back where they were, sitting calmly in a low - energy state.

Pulses of light that last billionths of a billionth of a second have helped unravel a mystery inside solid objects and could help us build better X-ray lasers

Researchers have found a way to generate the shortest - ever flash of light — 80 attoseconds (billionths of a billionth of a second) long.

But this time interval is predicted to be extremely brief — in the order of tens to hundreds of attoseconds, with one attosecond being one billionth of a billionth of a second.

Just like a ball returns to its original shape after the hand that has distorted it is removed, so the nucleus returns to its original form, but it does so much, much faster, in billionths of a billionth of a second or an even shorter time.

Their mercurial movements can be over in just attoseconds — billionths of a billionth of a second — yet they drive our electronic devices, every chemical reaction in nature and every thought in our heads.

Now, in a study of electrons escaping from their atoms, scientists have pinpointed how long the particles take to tunnel out: around 100 attoseconds, or 100 billionths of a billionth of a second, researchers report July 14 in Physical Review Letters.

The changes to and propagation of light waves in an electrical field take place on a time scale of a few hundred attoseconds — in other words, within one billionth of a billionth of a second.

The laser pulses namely have to be amply strong and extremely short — on the order of femtoseconds in duration (millionths of a billionth of a second).

The X-ray pulses produced by the LCLS last just 50 millionths of a billionth of a second (50 femtoseconds), allowing them to capture even the fastest movements.

To observe something as small and fast as an electron rushing to form a chemical bond, you need a bright light with an incredibly small wavelength that comes in very fast pulses — just a few attoseconds, or billionths of a billionth of a second, long.

Depending on how many atoms were contained in the nanoparticles, these objects reacted differently over attosecond timescales (an attosecond is a billionth of a billionth of a second).

The scientists let strong, approximately four - femtosecond - long laser pulses hit the group of atoms (a femtosecond is a millionth of a billionth of a second).

i.e. billionths of a billionth of a second.

The refractive index of the material is changed for only a few femtoseconds — a few millionths of a billionth of a second.

For the first time, physicists have measured changes in an atom to the level of zeptoseconds, or trillionths of a billionth of a second — the smallest division of time yet observed.

Paul French, Roy Taylor and Robert Mellish of the Femtosecond Optics Group at Imperial College, London have built a low - cost semiconductor laser which generates pulses of light, each lasting 200 millionths of a billionth of a second (femtoseconds).

Although neon is a relatively simple atom with a total of ten electrons, the experiment required both extremely careful timing, with a level of accuracy within one billionth of a billionth of a second (known as an attosecond), and extremely sensitive electron detection that could distinguish between electrons whose speed differed only by around one thousandth of an attojoule (a millionth of an electron's stationary energy).

New movies of drug proteins or photosynthesis in action, shot in millionths of a billionth of a second, show how the molecules work — or fail

The result is 0.00000000000000002 seconds, or 20 billionths of a billionth of a second.

For the first time ever, laser physicists have recorded an internal atomic event with an accuracy of a trillionth of a billionth of a second.

One attosecond lasts for exactly one billionth of a billionth of a second.

«To go even faster, people have started to use femtosecond lasers, which can potentially record one unit every one millionth of a billionth of a second.