There were multiple classrooms / teachers in each condition, making it possible to separate the effects of curriculum from the
effect of particular teachers and classrooms.
The authors present findings from their recent study showing that, over 10 years, the test scores of
students of particular teachers increased, indicating that these teachers» skills were increasing throughout this 10 - year period.
Therefore, a graduate assistant was instructed to excerpt 1 - to 2 - minute video segments that seemed to represent units of activity, but without regard to the video clip showing
examples of particular teacher or student behaviors (in this case, classroom management and student questioning).
One New York City teacher can not be paid more, or less, than any other teacher at the same level of seniority,
regardless of the particular teacher's talents and effort or the difficulty of recruiting a teacher for a hard - to - find position such as math or science.
The MAC review said: «We did not receive wider evidence from the [teaching] sector about a
shortage of particular teachers and are therefore not able to determine the extent of the reported shortages both in terms of numbers and whether these are a local or national shortage.
There are lots of mathematical tweaks, but the general idea is to build a model that answers this question: are the students
of this particular teacher learning more or less than you expect them to?
For confounding to occur, these kinds of factors must consistently be associated with the
students of a particular teacher, so that they result in a value - added score that consistently underestimates or overestimates her effectiveness.