NIRES Principal Investigator Keith Matthews of Caltech (left) with W. M. Keck Observatory Director Hilton Lewis (right) after successfully achieving «first light» with a spectral
image of planetary nebula NGC 7027.
[2] The
shapes of the planetary nebula images were classified into three types, following conventions: elliptical, either with or without an aligned internal structure, and bipolar.
Astronomers once would have called the orderly, spherical Abell 39 a textbook
example of a planetary nebula - but the Hubble Space Telescope has forced scientists to rewrite the textbooks.
As big planetary nebulae are the most common, we will use our new scale in making an unbiased census
of planetary nebulae in the Milky Way, which will then help answer some important research questions.»
«NGC6778,» adds another of the authors, Hektor Monteiro, of the University fo Itajubá, Brazil, «is one
of the planetary nebulae with the brightest recombination lines.
To try to corroborate this theory, an image of the
emission of a planetary nebula in the recombination lines of oxygen has been obtained with the GTC.
Astronomers were thrilled when they first saw the Hubble images
of the planetary nebulas ngc 7027 and crl 2688, also known as the Egg nebula.
Many of these planetary nebulas have a funny kind of inverted mirror symmetry, with their tops and bottoms reflected and then reversed, as in the letter s.
Last year astronomers using Cray supercomputers in the United States and the Netherlands performed
hundreds of planetary nebula simulations, which revealed a rich array of behavior in the shock wave layer cake.
After a few hours or weeks, depending on how super the supercomputer is, a thousand
years of planetary nebula history is waiting in the computer's memory to be studied in detail.
A couple of longtime
students of planetary nebulas, Bruce Balick of the University of Washington and Adam Frank of the University of Rochester, recently summed up the impact of the Hubble images.
The ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) has captured a beautiful image
of a planetary nebula known as NGC 7009, or the Saturn Nebula, as part of a wider study attempting to unravel the processes that give these vast cosmic clouds of dust and glowing gas their distinctive shape.
An artist's impression of the
heart of planetary nebula Henize 2 - 428, where researchers have identified two white dwarf stars destined to merge and create a Type Ia supernova
Gemini North image
of the planetary nebula M97, also known as the Owl Nebula, imaged by the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) as part of a Canadian contest for high school students.
The stars which are even older have dissipated into a more diffuse background; this includes intermediate population I stars, older star clusters and the younger
representatives of the planetary nebulae.
With this image of NGC 6210, the Hubble telescope has added another bizarre form to the rogues»
gallery of planetary nebulae: a turtle swallowing a seashell.
Astronomers had also hoped that the Hubble images would uncover companion stars thought to be responsible for some of the more bizarre
shapes of planetary nebulas.
NGC 3132 is a striking example
of a planetary nebula.