I'm probably more of a dreamer by nature, but I've become more
of a realist as I've grown up and matured.
Not exact matches
The chair
of the U.S. Federal Reserve is being
as unambiguous
as she can be about the Fed's
realist approach
As a student
of the Christian
realist theologian Reinhold Niebuhr, Obama is a far more pragmatic politician than his predecessor.
This program gives Wilson many opponents: anti-functionalists among theorists and historians
of religion (it's no accident that among theorists
of religion Wilson chooses arch-functionalist Émile Durkheim
as his hero); evolutionary theorists who don't think that such theory is usefully applicable to social groups; those who think it is applicable to social groups, but conclude that religious groups are maladaptive; and theological
realists, who think the whole enterprise vitiated by its procedural naturalism.
• Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, The Posthumous Memoirs
of Brás Cubas: Speaking
of books in Portuguese, one might
as well add one by the towering genius
of Brazilian letters, who did everything that would be attempted by «surrealist» or «magical
realist» or absurdist writers a century later, and did it all much better; The Posthumous Memoirs is
as fantastic and exuberant and hilarious
as any
of his works, and is also surely the best novel written in the voice
of a deceased narrator.
James readily meets the conditions for being a metaphysical
realist by characterizing «reality»
as composed both
of what we experience, what our sensations are
of, and what the abstract relations are that hold among ideas.
Of course flat - out compulsion is the worst threat, but the deception of presenting unverifiable supernatural fantasies as «facts» rankles realists to
Of course flat - out compulsion is the worst threat, but the deception
of presenting unverifiable supernatural fantasies as «facts» rankles realists to
of presenting unverifiable supernatural fantasies
as «facts» rankles
realists too.
One
of the advantages
of this small but significant realignment
of realist metaphysics is that it takes away any need to speak
of «animal souls» or «plant souls», even if they are carefully and somewhat oxymoronically qualified
as «material souls».
In that «
realist» tradition the intelligible actuality
of a thing is not a projection from the mind
of the observer —
as in Kant and the subjective schools that come from him — but is an intrinsic aspect
of the thing itself.
The
realist need not suppose that grayness
as a humanly experienced color exactly characterizes what the stone is in and
of itself, but he believes that there is a correlation between what is objectively occurring in the stone and the human experience
of perceiving gray, such that the former is an independent and prior cause
of the latter.
Thus, metaphors and models
of God are understood to be discovered
as well
as created, to relate to God's reality not in the sense
of being literally in correspondence with it, but
as versions or hypotheses
of it that the community (in this case, the church) accepts
as relatively adequate.16 Hence, models
of God are not simply heuristic fictions; the critical
realist does not accept the Feuerbachian critique that language about God is nothing but human projection.
We could formulate such a
realist position
as follows: there is a mind - independent feature
of reality that decides a person's gender, and it is not....
(
Of course,
as we all know, they will say that they do not want to be
realists, for to be so would mean acquiescing in the very things they reject in our rationalistic civilization.)
Neither prehension nor intentionality describes the exclusive agency
of a self - contained subject, nor the exclusive agency
of an object
as strict
realists such
as Brentano would have seen it.
He sees Whitehead
as a scientific
realist striving after some sort
of correspondence between the world
as understood by modern physics and the world
of direct experience (PW 214/236) Whitehead represents the opposite
of Bertrand Russell in his phenomenalist period.
Indeed, Whitehead's use
of psychological data is so pervasive and significant for his metaphysics that Laszlo's portrayal
of Whitehead
as his type
of realist is very misleading.
Trump ran for president
as a kind
of hard - nosed
realist who cared more about America «winning» than about freedom outside our borders.
In the mandarin world
of foreign policy experts, a good many «
realists» viewed, and still view, this initiative
as an unwelcome intrusion that distracts attention from the cold calculations
of power that should guide our thinking about world affairs.
In the manner
of the
realists, the competence
of reason to understand the intelligible structures
of the world both
as fact and
as value is affirmed.
More generally, it stands within the «
realist» tradition in affirming the objective reality
of the orders
of truth and other kinds
of excellence,
as against nominalists and subjectivists who believe that knowledge is essentially a human construct and values are nothing but human preferences.
We must remember that Whitehead is not a metaphysician seeking to describe the ultimate facts
of existence (so WM 17 - 20), but a
realist philosopher
of science remarking on uniquely human matters such
as perception and freedom.
Just
as linguistic expressions lead us to anticipate certain experiences, so for Berkeley certain experiences or immediate ideas are «natural signs»
of others,
as the sound
of the coach is a sign
of the sight
of the approaching coach.8 The second
realist version can be found in the writings
of Thomas Reid, for whom sensations are signs
of external objects.
In one
of his last writings, Niebuhr describes «the guiding principle»
of his mature life in relating religious responsibility to political affairs,
as a «strong conviction that a
realist conception
of human nature should not be made into a bastion
of conservatism, particularly a conservatism which defends unjust privileges» (Man «s Nature and His Communities [Scribners, 1965], pp. 24 - 25).
Still, in an abundance
of prudence, the administration's wise new
realist thrust determined that it was in our nation's interest not to meddle in Iranian affairs and to continue the dialogue with the current authorities, even
as it was clear that our national interest dictated that we work with President Chavez to help bring the deposed Mr. Zelaya back to power in Honduras.
Collingwood interprets this characterization
as follows: «In Whitehead the resemblance is more with Hegel; and the author, though he does not seem to be acquainted with Hegel, is not wholly unaware
of this, for he describes the book
as an attempt to do over again the work
of «idealism,» «but from a
realist point
of view.»
But,
as noted, this band
of «
realists» is itself divided into two distinctive schools or sub-traditions.
He also reflected about the mixture
of self - seeking and self - giving in man's selfhood and gave
as well a critical survey
of idealist and
realist political theories.
There was and is a need for a philosophy
of science which,
as Edward Holloway writes, was more «existential in emphasis» than essential, whilst being truly
realist concerning formal universality (cf. Perspectives in Philosophy, Vol III, Noumenon and Phenomenon: Rethinking the Greeks in the Age
of Science, Faith - Keyway Trust).
If the extreme
realists would already have had reservations about a middle -
of - the - road understanding which was only colored by supernaturalism,
as perhaps reflected in the Lokottaravadin, then extremely supernatural conceptions such
as those found in the writings
of the Mahayana teachers must have aroused their deepest displeasure.
Because
of its rough - hewn style, the painting is often noted
as the first
realist painting
of peasants.
He was not, for example, particularly hospitable to the American
realists» attempts to reconceive the very notion
of experience upon which empiricism should be founded, preferring instead to join Moore and others in England in a virtually uncritical acceptance
of the older «commonsense» notion
of experience
as human (and usually visual) perception derived from their seventeenth - century cultural predecessors Locke and Hume.2
He perceived the
realists in America more generally
as sliding down the «slippery slope»
of metaphysical obfuscation from which all had only so recently emerged.
We do not experience merely the idea
of the chair
as the idealists have it, nor the essence
of some third entity between us and the chair
as the critical
realists have it.
Now if mere moral
realists are right, then although the problem
of moral decline may begin in volition, it dwells in cognition: it may begin
as a defect
of will, but ends
as a defect
of knowledge.
When society began to treat justice
as a simple historical possibility,
as many American Protestants did during the Social Gospel era, the prophetic task
of the next generation
of «Christian
realists» was to insist that there are things that society can not do, goals that must remain «impossible possibilities.»
What difference does it make that advocates
of just war work within the presumptions
of a
realist foreign policy —
as in the case
of United States foreign policy — which assumes that one must do evil that good may come?
I suspect that, very much
as Coleridge said that all men were at bottom either Platonists or Aristotelians, so we are, most
of us, if we are informed enough philosophically to be self - conscious about these things, idealists or
realists.
But how else can we break through the mere semblance
of truth, which we short - sighted «
realists» regard
as truth itself, and come to the authentic truth that makes us blessed?
This argument is not intended
as a «
realist» embrace
of a stance implying that no moral considerations apply to governmental conduct.
The difference
of opinion between Dawkins and Kauffman may be understood
as a contemporary version
of medieval nominalist -
realist controversies.15
The Christian
realist regards the pursuit
of sanctity
as the calling
of a few individuals, and incompatible with the demands
of pursuing justice in a sinful world.
We could formulate such a
realist position
as follows: there is a mind - independent feature
of reality that decides a person's gender, and it is not open to interpretation.
That «other quarter» was probably not envisioned
as God's direct intervention, for Mordecai was a
realist who believed in the necessity
of human agency; God's invisible providence undergirded human endeavor.
Wright's solution is «a narratival and critical
realist reading
of scripture,» which he doesn't flesh out in this chapter, but will in future ones... which is good, seeing
as how I don't know what the hell he's talking about.
Buber — who was, in an elevated sense, a pragmatic
realist — worked continually for these aims and insisted that the new «political enterprise» (the State
of Israel) was normatively subordinate to the «religious idea» (Zion), and «that
as long
as such a reality [i.e., the idea
of Zion] lives, history should be responsible to it rather than that it should be responsible to history» (preface to Israel and Palestine: The History
of an Idea).
During the Cold War, the «
realist position» accepted the Soviet Union
as a permanent feature
of the world scene and sought a long - term accommodation with its interests — while Ronald Reagan was regarded
as a reckless visionary for his dangerously «unrealistic belief» that the Soviets could be defeated.
e)
As many idealists and some
realists have held, in becoming datum for an experience or unit - subject, an entity becomes constituent
of the subject.
The doctrine
of creation assumed the existence and essential dependability
of external reality and the doctrine
of the Incarnation practically anchored a
realist epistemology
as an essential philosophical prerequisite
of Christian faith.
We therefore need a different framework, rooted in the key sources
of the Christian Faith, ecclesial, and transmitting the fullness
of Catholic culture and life,
as well
as in a
realist philosophy adequate for proposing the word
of God (cf Fides et Ratio81 - 83).
But this is a far cry indeed from the public controversies that our current epidemic
of so - called
realist atheism has given rise to, such
as whether it is permissible to pray or celebrate Christmas in schools and other public institutions, or to grant government support
of one kind or another to private religious education.