Sentences with phrase «of a single atom in»

The size of the entire universe is more difficult but we could say that the part of the universe visible to us, compared to the entire universe, would be the equivalent of a single atom in relation our observable universe.

«Using this technique, we can zero in on and measure the vibration of atoms and electrons, which is essentially the temperature of a single atom in a two - dimensional material,» said Klie.

Not exact matches

In advancing these theories they disregard factors universally admitted by all scientists — that in the initial period of the «birth» of the universe, conditions of temperature, atmospheric pressure, radioactivity, and a host of other catalytic factors were totally different than those existing presently, including the fact that we don't know how single atoms or their components would bind and consolidate, which involved totally unknown processes and variables, as single atoms behave far differently than conglomerations of atomIn advancing these theories they disregard factors universally admitted by all scientists — that in the initial period of the «birth» of the universe, conditions of temperature, atmospheric pressure, radioactivity, and a host of other catalytic factors were totally different than those existing presently, including the fact that we don't know how single atoms or their components would bind and consolidate, which involved totally unknown processes and variables, as single atoms behave far differently than conglomerations of atomin the initial period of the «birth» of the universe, conditions of temperature, atmospheric pressure, radioactivity, and a host of other catalytic factors were totally different than those existing presently, including the fact that we don't know how single atoms or their components would bind and consolidate, which involved totally unknown processes and variables, as single atoms behave far differently than conglomerations of atoms.

Not a single atom, however lowly or imperfect, but must co-operate — at least by way of repulsion or reflexion — in the fulfillings of Christ.

We must recognize that in this context «adaptation» is strictly defined in terms of survival values and that, generally speaking, it is the simpler forms of organization that possess the greatest staying power: living systems, no matter how fantastically intricate - and well organized they might be, have a much shorter span of existence than, say, a rock crystal, or a single stable atom.34

«What we have described as globalization is remarkably close to Teilhard de Chardin's planetization, in which «[mankind, born on this planet and spread over its entire surface, come [s] gradually to form round its earthly matrix, a single, major, organic unity, enclosed upon itself.4 Thus the globalization of humankind could lead to the formation of a new kind of living entity — a social organism — on the same cosmic principle as that by which atoms join to form molecules, molecules join to form mega-molecules, mega-molecules unite to form living cells, and innumerable cells constitute an organism.

As we are beginning to realize, there are probably tens of thousands of atoms grouped in a single virus molecule.

Science (discovered by man science, that is) can only explain some of the existing phenomenon in mathematical terms and come up with recipes for existing materials but CAN NOT CREACTE A SINGLE ATOM!

Made up of two layers of graphene, a form of carbon arranged in single - atom - thick sheets, the structure's weird behavior suggests it may provide a fruitful playground for testing how certain unusual types of superconductors work, physicist Pablo Jarillo - Herrero of MIT...

Each hydrogen atom, made up of just a single proton and electron, can be found in two slightly different states: a higher energy state in which the electron and proton essentially spin in the same direction, and a lower energy state in which they spin in opposite directions.

Attaching only a single layer of a 25 - atom organic molecule to the surface of a laser, frequency combs were demonstrated with 1000x reduction in power.

A frenzy for two - dimensional materials kicked off in 2004 with the creation of graphene — made from just a single layer, or monolayer, of carbon atoms.

Exposing an elongated condensate to a single off - resonant laser beam resulted in the observation of highly directional scattering of light and atoms.

A single sheet of graphene resembles atomically thin chicken wire and is composed of carbon atoms joined in a pattern that makes the material extremely tough and impervious to even the smallest atom, helium.

In fact, the heat response of the single - atom - thick semiconductors is «more like [that] of a plastic than a metal,» Mecklenburg says.

Measuring the position of a single electron «collapses» the wave function, forcing it to pick a particular position, but that alone is not representative of its normal, quantum presence in the atom.

So he isolated a single ytterbium atom in a vacuum chamber, shined a laser at it, and focused in on the resulting 450 - nanometer gap of darkness that landed on his digital image sensor.

Their contrasting notions of the nature of time — in one case as a real flowing entity and in the other as an apparent illusion — is one of the major hurdles in uniting the two frameworks into a single theory of quantum gravity that explains the motions of all objects, from atoms to planets.

And he claimed to a Japanese publication, «My participation in the production of the atom bomb consisted in a single act: I signed a letter to President Roosevelt.»

Now a team led by physicist Andre Clairon of the Paris Observatory in France has stretched out the interaction time drastically by using a trick with two laser beams to launch a single «ball» of 600,000 cesium atoms into a vacuum.

Made up of two layers of graphene, a form of carbon arranged in single - atom - thick sheets, the structure's weird behavior suggests it may provide a fruitful playground for testing how certain unusual types of superconductors work, physicist Pablo Jarillo - Herrero of MIT reported March 7 at a meeting of the American Physical Society.

Professor Truscott's team first trapped a collection of helium atoms in a suspended state known as a Bose - Einstein condensate, and then ejected them until there was only a single atom left.

The most widely studied set of quantum numbers is that for a single electron in an atom: not only because it is useful in chemistry, being the basic notion behind the periodic table, valence (chemistry) and a host of other properties, but also because it is a solvable and realistic problem, and, as such, finds widespread use in textbooks.

They found they could capture the essential features of these complicated materials, containing vast numbers of interacting electrons, with just a single rule: Electrons can move randomly from one atom to another within a given sample, but they can only move in pairs.

And some of those iron atoms would thereupon fluoresce, emitting X-rays of their own — not over the whole band this time but at a single precise line in the energy spectrum: 6.4 kilo - electron volts, which is the energy an electron loses when it falls from one shell in an iron atom to a lower one.

In Anton Zeilinger's dream world, superfast quantum computers will process data using single atoms instead of silicon chips.

He predicted a «superradiant» state, where, when large numbers of photons or quanta are put into a system with many atoms, the decay becomes much faster than for a single atom in isolation.

Working at a temperature of four degrees Kelvin, the researchers used a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) to arrange vacancies in a single layer of chlorine atoms supported on a copper crystal.

Among other things, they can now better predict the behavior of electrons in graphene, a flat sheet of carbon just a single atom thick, which acts like a strange metal under certain conditions.

As long as the gold atoms, or cations, are stabilized in a single - site form configuration, irrespective of the type of support, the precious metal will be stable and operate for many hours at a range of practical temperatures.

And the progress goes on: Late last year, researchers in Finland and Australia built an experimental transistor out of a single atom of phosphorus.

Electrical engineers Joseph Lyding and Mark Hersam of the University of Illinois developed a technique for plucking single hydrogen atoms from a silicon sheet, which may lead to a millionfold increase in the number of transistors that can be packed onto a chip.

The unexpected discovery of self - folding abilities in graphene suggests we're closer to making the single - atom sheets into useful electronic components

First author Farina Kindermann and Professor Artur Widera in front of a quantum gas experimental setup for investigations on single atoms.

The most basic building block for this technology is a single cylindrical molecule, a rolled - up sheet of carbon atoms that are linked in a honeycomb pattern.

Because X-ray crystallography doesn't reveal the structure of a material on a per - atom basis, the technique can't identify tiny imperfections in materials such as the absence of a single atom.

In a combined experimental and theoretical study on ultrafast excitation of atoms in intense short pulse laser fields scientists of the Max Born Institute succeeded to show that the prevailing and seemingly disparate intuitive pictures usually used to describe interaction of atoms with intense laser fields can be ascribed to a single nonlinear procesIn a combined experimental and theoretical study on ultrafast excitation of atoms in intense short pulse laser fields scientists of the Max Born Institute succeeded to show that the prevailing and seemingly disparate intuitive pictures usually used to describe interaction of atoms with intense laser fields can be ascribed to a single nonlinear procesin intense short pulse laser fields scientists of the Max Born Institute succeeded to show that the prevailing and seemingly disparate intuitive pictures usually used to describe interaction of atoms with intense laser fields can be ascribed to a single nonlinear process.

«We have demonstrated a reconfigurable array of traps for single atoms, where we can prepare up to 50 individual atoms in separate traps deterministically, for future use in quantum information processing, quantum simulations, or precision measurements,» says Vuletic, who is also a member of MIT's Research Laboratory of Electronics.

Instead, Singer says, the main aim of the current work is to «prove the validity of thermodynamics in the single - atom regime.»

The researchers focused the smaller laser beams through the cloud of ultracold atoms and found that each beam's focus — the point at which the beam's intensity was highest — attracted a single atom, essentially picking it out from the cloud and holding it in place.

For the study, published in the journal Nature Physics, the Kaiserslautern team around Professor Widera (Department of Physics and State Research Center OPTIMAS) developed a novel model system: A single atom is cooled by lasers near to absolute zero temperature and trapped by light within a near - perfect vacuum.

Take the hundreds of billions of stars in our Milky Way galaxy or the hundreds of thousands of individual atoms in a single virus.

These in turn are made up of atoms — billions of billions of them in a single grain.

So far zero - point energy has only been seen directly in single atoms or small collections of particles.

Graphene, a single - atom thick layer of carbon atoms was discovered in 2004 and is regarded as one of the most amazing and versatile substances available to humankind.

For that purpose, single atoms are better than clouds of them, says physicist Martin Mücke of the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics in Garching, Germany.

This problem, which Hurst calls single atom failure, may one day be a common nuisance in everyday life, and will be prevented only by heroic new methods of chemical analysis, of which Hurstís resonance technique is a precursor.

12 The world's most accurate clock, at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Colorado, measures vibrations of a single atom of mercury.

In the study, the authors describe a new chemical reaction that converts simple starting materials into architecturally complex molecules (a collection of atoms bonded to one another) called «decalins» in a single steIn the study, the authors describe a new chemical reaction that converts simple starting materials into architecturally complex molecules (a collection of atoms bonded to one another) called «decalins» in a single stein a single step.

Since it consists only of carbon atoms arranged in single layers, it is easy to be chemically functionalized.