In reading, the average adverse impact of nonprofit management was roughly 10 percent
of a standard deviation annually, about 32 percent of a year's worth of learning.
Further, another respected international assessment of student performance, the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), found gains of only 0.5 percent
of a standard deviation annually for U.S. students over roughly the same time period.
Not exact matches
A teacher one
standard deviation above the mean effectiveness
annually generates marginal gains
of over $ 400,000 in future student earnings, assuming a class size
of 20, and proportionately higher gains with larger class sizes.
Over the past two decades, gains
of 1.6 percent
of a
standard deviation have been garnered
annually by 4th - and 8th - grade students on the math, science, and reading tests administered by the National Assessment
of Educational Progress (NAEP), known as the nation's report card.
And yet, collectively, over the last decade EM equity funds have made 1.3 %
annually with a
standard deviation of 23.
From 1980 through 2017, a theoretical index portfolio with equal amounts
of Canadian bonds, Canadian stocks, U.S. stocks and international stocks returned 10.3 %
annually with a
standard deviation — a measure
of volatility —
of 11.6 %.
It found that BXM returned 11.77 %
annually with a 9.29 %
standard deviation compared to 11.67 % from the S&P 500 with a
standard deviation of 13.89 %.