Sentences with phrase «of a volcanic eruption by»

Not exact matches

W. H. Bramble Airport, named for William Henry Bramble, chief minister of Montserrat, was the only way of flying to and from the Caribbean island until it was destroyed by a volcanic eruption in 1997.

The US today has neither the clout nor the stamina to stem the lava flow of a volcanic eruption triggered by a color revolution that may spill over Iran's borders.

The first 110,000 annual layers of snow in that ice core (GISP2) have been visually counted and corroborated by two to three different and independent methods as well as by correlation with volcanic eruptions and other datable events.

Floods, tsunamis, droughts, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes, hurricanes and even plagues are some of the ways by which nature's immune system seeks to shout out — to cleanse and balance itself on earth.

They are the volcanic eruptions of human passions and emotions, stirred into activity by the ruthless Goddess of Distress or by the torch of the spoken word cast into the midst of the people.

Diamond Head is the edge of a crater created by a volcanic eruption 300,000 years ago.

Scientists have proposed that ozone depletion caused by periodic volcanic eruptions over nearly a million years was one cause of the end - Permian extinction, but how has been unclear.

Travel by boat across Lake Ashi, an enormous volcanic crater born out of an eruption, 3,000 years ago.

Both are ports on the shores of Lake Ashi, which is an enormous volcanic crater created by an eruption 3,000 years ago.

The extinction at the end of the Permian is thought to have been caused by volcanic eruptions in Siberia over hundreds of thousands if not a million years that produced what are known today as the Siberian Traps: lava fields covering much of northern Russia and originally encompassing nearly 3 million square miles with an average thickness of about 1,000 feet.

Th experiment suggests that enhanced UV - B at the end of the Permian, caused by ozone depletion from volcanic eruptions, could have contributed to Earth's largest mass extinction.

Benca irradiated 18 - inch - tall, bonsai - like pines with UV - B dosages up to 13 times stronger than on Earth today, simulating the effects of ozone depletion caused by immense volcanic eruptions that occurred at the end of the Permian Period.

Though primitive by the standards of the full - colour visuals brought to us by later probes, they allowed scientists to watch volcanic eruptions as they happened.

According to the Toba catastrophe theory, a massive volcanic eruption changed the course of human history by severely reducing the human population.

Dr Ubide said it was currently very difficult to predict volcanic eruptions — as evidenced by the eruption at Mount Agung in Bali, which started last November after 2 months of precursory earthquakes.

These giant waves, caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and underwater landslides, are some of the deadliest natural disasters known; the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean killed over 230,000 people, a higher death toll than any fire or hurricane.

But even earlier readings can provide a record of natural climate variation caused by volcanic eruptions or cycles in ocean circulation.

Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling of magma (molten rock) which makes its way to Earth's surface, often leading to volcanic eruptions.

By contrast, volcanic eruptions occurring in the 2,000 years before that can not be dated reliably, while the dates of even older volcanic events can be determined relatively accurately using the C14 method.

Pockmarked with sulphurous pits, bathed in intense radiation and shaken by constant volcanic eruptions, Io is the fiery hell of the solar system

Lonsdaleite forms only under the extreme pressure and heat accompanying meteorite impacts, while wurtzite boron nitride is a by - product of intense volcanic eruption.

That could be significant for life, because the cycling of elements into Earth's crust and out of volcanic eruptions helps keep our planet habitable by stabilizing atmospheric temperature.

Scientists, meteorological institutes, and aviation authorities had long recognized the hazards posed by Iceland's volcanoes; the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (London VAAC) had been simulating the spread of ash from a hypothetical eruption of Eyjafjallajökull's neighboring Katla volcano for several years.

If mimicking a massive volcanic eruption by spraying sulfur dioxide into the air or flying thousands of mirrors into space to shade Earth to halt climate change doesn't cut it for you, how about this?

That is the headline finding of an international team, led by geochemists from Trinity College Dublin, who discovered that large impacts can be followed by intense, long - lived, and explosive volcanic eruptions.

Proposals to reduce the effects of global warming by imitating volcanic eruptions could have a devastating effect on global regions prone to either tumultuous storms or prolonged drought, new research has shown.

Scientists will look into the heart of Surtsey, an island created 50 years ago by a volcanic eruption

Beyond human activity, tropical sea surface temperatures further back in time are affected by volcanic eruptions, changes in the intensity of sunlight and natural events like El Niño.

To determine whether declining pollutants deserve credit for the recovery, the researchers used a 3D atmospheric model to separate the effects of the chemicals from those of weather, which can affect ozone loss through winds and temperature, and volcanic eruptions, which deplete ozone by pumping sulfate particles into the upper atmosphere.

Some researchers have suggested that these gases might have been spewed out by the volcanic eruptions that produced the Siberian traps, a vast formation of volcanic rock produced by the most extensive eruptions in Earth's geological record.

Since the 1990s, scientists have been discussing using aircraft to inject aerosols, such as sulfates, into the atmosphere as a form of geoengineering to mimic volcanic eruptions that sometimes cool the planet by casting shades of particulate matter.

Jones had the lightbulb moment for this idea when colleagues, including co-author Kevin Mahan, were describing xenoliths (pieces of crust ejected by volcanic eruptions) from across Wyoming and Montana.

Any volcano on land which was as lively as KeJ would be constantly monitored by satellites and an array of local instruments looking for the slightest change in behaviour that could precede a major volcanic eruption.

In years influenced by volcanic eruptions, Nile flooding was generally diminished, leading to social stress that could trigger unrest and have other political and economic consequences,» says Joseph Manning, lead author on the paper and the William K. & Marilyn Milton Simpson Professor of History and Classics at Yale.

The atmospheric effects of volcanic eruptions were confirmed by the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, in the Philippines.

Geologists measure eruptions by the Volcanic Explosivity Index, which uses whole numbers from 0 to 8 to rate the relative amount of ash, dust, and sulphur a volcano throws into the atmosphere.

Interestingly, some scientists argue that without the cooling effect of major volcanic eruptions such as El Chichn and Mount Pinatubo, global warming effects caused by human activities would have been far more substantial.

The sun's radiance has dropped slightly since the 1970s, and dust thrown up by recent volcanic eruptions, especially that of Mexico's El Chichon in 1982, should be keeping some sunlight from reaching the planet.

Previous episodes of acidification — possibly caused by CO2 released from huge, sustained volcanic eruptions — had a tremendous ecological impact.

Around 4 billion years ago, Earth was an inhospitable place, devoid of oxygen, bursting with volcanic eruptions, and bombarded by asteroids, with no signs of life in even the simplest forms.

By conducting a number of numerical simulations of this process, the research team showed that these large reservoirs are crucial to generating the largest volcanic eruptions on Earth.

In a new study, an international team of scientists claim that the most powerful volcanic eruptions, dubbed «super-eruptions», are triggered by a slow and steady drip feed of magma from large reservoirs deep within Earth's crust into smaller reservoirs closer to the surface.

Large quantities of mercury are also released by natural processes such as volcanic eruptions, forest fires and erosion.

Pore spaces that shelter subsurface microbes areconstricted to the vanishing point in metamorphic rocks buried over eons byfurther sedimentation, volcanic eruptions, or massive folding of Earth's crust.And dense crystalline material formed by melting — basic igneous rock — offerslittle housing or dining.

One of the largest colonies of gentoo penguins in Antarctica was decimated by volcanic eruptions several times during the last 7,000 years according to a new study.

New findings published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) by Desert Research Institute (DRI) Professor Joseph R. McConnell, Ph.D., and colleagues document a 192 - year series of volcanic eruptions in Antarctica that coincided with accelerated deglaciation about 17,700 years ago.

The height of exploration may have occurred at the peak of cooling: Starting in the late 16th century, a series of volcanic eruptions likely chilled the Northern Hemisphere by as much as 1.8 degrees Celsius below the long - term average, White says.

Hiatuses can also be triggered by volcanic eruptions that eject particles into the air, reflecting sunlight away from Earth, as happened after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991.

Seismic waves are waves of energy produced by earthquakes, explosions and volcanic eruptions, which can travel long distances below Earth's surface.

Not until 201 million years ago did dinosaurs begin to dominate worldwide, say Olsen and Irmis — after a mass extinction, caused by volcanic eruptions, wiped out many of their cold - blooded reptile and amphibian competitors.