Question Is genetic evidence consistent with a causal relationship among waist - to - hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (a measure
of abdominal adiposity), type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease?
Is genetic evidence consistent with a causal relationship among waist - to - hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (a measure
of abdominal adiposity), type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease?
Objective To test the association of a polygenic risk score for waist - to - hip ratio (WHR) adjusted for body mass index (BMI), a measure
of abdominal adiposity, with type 2 diabetes and CHD through the potential intermediates of blood lipids, blood pressure, and glycemic phenotypes.
~ Effect of high - amylose starch and oat bran on metabolic variables and bowel function in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (human study — full text) «We compared the effects of a diet in which 25 % of the carbohydrate was replaced by high - amylose starch with those of a similar diet high in oat bran or low - amylose starch in 23 hypertriglyceridemic subjects who were overweight mostly because
of abdominal adiposity.
In addition, a recent rise in the incidence
of abdominal adiposity, the unhealthiest form of excess body fat, has been observed in both adults and children, indicating a direct link to insulin - resistance, the body's natural propensity to convert and store carbohydrate foods as fat.
In a 2008 study
of abdominal adiposity and mortality involving 44,636 subjects, 3507 death were identified including 751 cardiovascular deaths and 1748 cancer deaths during 16 years of follow up.
Not exact matches
«We found that fitness is inversely associated with both
abdominal adiposity and low - grade inflammation independent
of BMI,» says Wedell - Neergaard.
* Metabolic syndrome: a combination
of obesity /
abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, raise levels
of lipids in the blood and raised blood pressure.
«People vary in their distribution
of body fat — some put fat in their belly, which we call
abdominal adiposity and some in their hips and thighs,» says Sekar Kathiresan, Associate Professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston.
«The lack
of association between the body type genetic risk score and confounding factors such as diet and smoking provides strong evidence that
abdominal adiposity itself contributes to causing Type 2 diabetes and heart disease,» explained Connor Emdin, from the Massachusetts General Hospital.
The findings showed that genetic predisposition to
abdominal adiposity is associated with significant increases in the incidence
of Type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease, along with increases in blood lipids, blood glucose and systolic blood pressure.
No association was found between the genetic risk score and lifestyle factors and testing confirmed that only the
abdominal adiposity effects
of the identified gene variants were associated with cardiometabolic risk.
Aging and in particular menopause transition, with loss
of estrogen production, is associated with changes in body shape and a preferential increase
of abdominal fat in women shifting to the android «visceral
adiposity» (23).
When the
adiposity categories were adjusted for the same set
of covariates (Table 6), individuals with
abdominal obesity had a higher mortality risk (HR, 1.25; 95 % CI, 1.00 - 1.56; P =.05), although this relationship did not persist after further adjustment for fitness (HR, 0.99; 95 % CI, 0.79 - 1.25; P =.95).
Absence
of Exercise - Induced Variations in Adiponectin Levels Despite Decreased
abdominal Adiposity and Improved Insulin sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetic Men.
Effect
of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 in fermented milk on
abdominal adiposity in adults in a randomised controlled trial.
... continue If that's not enough to convince you, consider that alcohol increases belly fat.7 Bergmann MM, et al. «The association
of lifetime alcohol use with measures
of abdominal and general
adiposity in a large - scale European cohort.»
One study found dietary supplementation
of freeze - dried strawberries to reduce total serum and LDL cholesterol and lipid peroxidation in adults with
abdominal adiposity and elevated cholesterol.
Effects
of Daily Almond Consumption on Cardiometabolic Risk and
Abdominal Adiposity in Healthy Adults With Elevated LDL - Cholesterol: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Absence
of exercise - induced variations in adiponectin levels despite decreased
abdominal adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic men.
These results provide evidence supportive
of a causal association between
abdominal adiposity and these outcomes.
Ekelund, U., Ward, H.A. et al. (2015) Physical activity and all - cause mortality across levels
of overall and
abdominal adiposity in European men and women: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study (EPIC).