Sentences with phrase «of absorbed sunlight»

Too little is yet known about what governs the Martian climate to be sure, but a period when there was a darker surface might have increased the amount of absorbed sunlight and raised temperatures.

So, if we seek a minimum temperature that earth holds without IR absorbing gases we need to count back radiation of absorbed sunlight, 39 W / sqm, 161 W / sqm absorbed sunlight + 38 % reflection of outgoing radiation we get 322 W / sqm or 0 deg celsius at surface.

If the greenhouse effect (that checks the exit of longwave radiation from Earth into space) or the amount of absorbed sunlight diminished, one would see a slowing in the heat uptake of the oceans.

On a bright, sunny day, a plant might only be able to utilize 20 percent or less of absorbed sunlight.

Not exact matches

Van der Werff is CEO of Ecolibrium Solar (No. 443 on the 2017 Inc. 500), a $ 27.2 million maker of hardware that connects sunlight - absorbing panels to roofs.

There are more, however, including the amount of sunlight an ice sheet is able to reflect; the larger an ice sheet, the more sunlight is reflected, but the smaller an ice sheet, the more ocean there is surrounding the ice sheet to absorb the sunlight which in turn heats up the surrounding waters increasing the melt which decreases the size of the ice sheet which in turn... and so goes the cycle.

Because it absorbs sunlight better, which is required for the processing of vitamin D. Genetic differences that are advantageous to the survival of the species have a higher rate of survival and reproduction, and over eons of time, through geographic isolation and genetic draft, new species arise from the old.

Black color is a bad reflector of sunlight and tends to absorb more heat.

Atmospheric dust may have a powerful effect on climate, absorbing sunlight and warming the atmosphere at some altitudes while shading and cooling underlying layers of air.

The result is ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, molecules that condense with others of their kind, plus water, to form tiny particles in the air that absorb sunlight and block visibility — smog.

He recruited volunteers to photograph and document 1,007 temperature stations across the lower 48 U.S. states and found that nearly three - quarters of them badly failed the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's own quality standards, often being too close to sunlight - absorbing structures.

Another source of uncertainty comes from the direct effect of aerosols from human origins: How much do they reflect and absorb sunlight directly as particles?

Masdar Institute faculty are part of a collaborative team of researchers that has discovered a novel way to significantly increase the amount of sunlight that a solar absorber can convert into heat.

They found that in regions where the amount of snowfall was low and any snow that did settle was sublimating away, enough dust would have accumulated to change the surface albedo sufficiently so that the Earth absorbed sunlight and thawed (Journal of Geophysical Research — Atmospheres, DOI: 10.1029 / 2009jd012007, in press).

It absorbs sunlight in the red and infrared parts of the spectrum and could be harnessed to boost the efficiency of solar cells.

Instead of sending sunlight directly to the solar cell, thermophotovoltaic systems have an intermediate component that consists of two parts: an absorber that heats up when exposed to sunlight, and an emitter that converts the heat to infrared light, which is then beamed to the solar cell.

Chloroplasts alone absorb light only from the visible portion of the solar spectrum, allowing access to only about 50 % of the incident solar energy radiation, and less than 10 % of full sunlight saturates the capacity of the photosynthetic apparatus.

On top of this solar shade at the sun - baked Camp Lemonier in Djibouti sit 72 solar panels that absorb sunlight to produce two kilowatts of power daily.

Another big drawback of solar power is cost: The silicon wafers that absorb sunlight and turn it into electric current can run upwards of $ 130 a pound because of a complex fabrication process that involves melting silicon, letting it crystallize into large ingots, and cutting it into thin wafers.

Trapping light with an optical version of a whispering gallery, researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have developed a nanoscale coating for solar cells that enables them to absorb about 20 percent more sunlight than uncoated devices.

Black carbon aerosols — particles of carbon that rise into the atmosphere when biomass, agricultural waste, and fossil fuels are burned in an incomplete way — are important for understanding climate change, as they absorb sunlight, leading to higher atmospheric temperatures, and can also coat Arctic snow with a darker layer, reducing its reflectivity and leading to increased melting.

By first converting the sunlight to heat and then back into light, the device fine - tunes the energy of photons absorbed by the photovoltaic cell, maximizing the electricity - generating potential.

To build their device, the M.I.T. scientists used carbon nanotubes, which are extremely effective absorbers of sunlight; they approach theoretical «blackbody absorbers» that take in 100 percent of light shone on them.

Reduced lake ice coverage, in turn, increases the amount of sunlight lakes absorb.

A search of 70 per cent of the sky with the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) has shown no planet, even though such an object should absorb sunlight and re-emit it in the infrared (New Scientist, Science, 30 November 1991).

They can have both a cooling effect, by blocking out incoming sunlight, and a warming effect, by absorbing some of the heat energy that the earth sends out toward space.

Soot particles, also known as black carbon aerosols, affect climate by absorbing sunlight, which warms the surrounding air and limits the amount of solar radiation that reaches the ground.

But not all the sunlight would be absorbed by this electrode: light with a wavelength longer than 600 nanometres isn't absorbed by the rust - coloured water in the top cell so would pass through to strike the lower electrode, powering the production of hydrogen.

Thomas also notes that the low levels of sunlight in northern Europe during winter mean that people have lowered levels of vitamin D in their bodies, and therefore have difficulty absorbing calcium.

The dark layer of cryoconite and the creatures in the hole absorb sunlight, warming the walls around them and melting a wider hole.

Writing in the June 17 edition of Science Advances, Cui and his colleagues presented a new approach using bismuth vanadate, an inexpensive compound that absorbs sunlight and generates modest amounts of electricity.

Cadmium - telluride, however, has an advantage over silicon because it can absorb the same amount of sunlight with 98 percent less semiconducting material, thus reducing the overall cost of the solar panel.

Moreover, the blending of soot and sulfate in the atmosphere produces new particles that have an even greater capacity to absorb sunlight.

Sunlight tends to bounce off the white, reflective surfaces of glaciers and ice sheets, but the darker surfaces of dirty ground ice can absorb greater amounts of solar radiation.

The approach itself is relatively simple: Since steam is generated at the surface of a liquid, Ghasemi looked for a material that could both efficiently absorb sunlight and generate steam at a liquid's surface.

Increasing levels of ozone, in turn, trap more heat, exacerbating the urban heat island effect: Cities are normally about five to 10 degrees hotter than surrounding suburbs because asphalt and cement absorb sunlight, generating a vicious cycle of escalating pollution and heat.

The iron minerals have special qualities — They absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation, but the part of the sunlight needed for photosynthesis can still be used by organisms.

A possible cause for the accelerated Arctic warming is the melting of the region's sea ice, which reduces the icy, bright area that can reflect sunlight back out into space, resulting in more solar radiation being absorbed by the dark Arctic waters.

Once in the atmosphere, the dust can heat parts of the atmosphere by absorbing energy from sunlight.

This diminishes the amount of sunlight being reflected back to space, causing Earth to absorb an increasing amount of solar energy.

Critics argue that albedo modification and other «geoengineering» schemes are risky and would discourage nations from trying to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide, the heat - trapping gas that comes from the burning of fossil fuels and that is causing global warming by absorbing increasing amounts of energy from sunlight.

Which molecules are found in the atmosphere on aerosols will determine whether they absorb or reflect sunlight, affecting the temperature of the planet.

The shrinking sea ice drives a classic positive feedback loop: as more ice melts, fewer patches of white snow reflect solar energy, and larger regions of dark, sunlight - absorbing seawater open up — both causing the ice to melt even faster.

Most solar cells used in homes and industry are made using thick layers of material to absorb sunlight, but have been limited in the past by relatively high costs.

Rebecca Rapf, Veronica Vaida and colleagues at the University of Colorado propose that a class of compounds called α - keto acids can be photo - activated by sunlight and drive reactions with molecules that do not themselves absorb sunlight.

The plant immediately struck Muir (a distant relative of famed naturalist John Muir) as odd because plants need to maximize surface area to absorb as much sunlight as possible.

Poor reflectors absorb too much sunlight, heating up in the process and defeating the purpose of cooling.

These designs can absorb about 80 to 90 percent of the concentrated sunlight directed at them when considering reflections and heat loss, but Ho said design improvements to make the receivers even more efficient are needed to help reduce the cost of concentrating solar power and improve scalability.

Grasses, for instance, develop thicker leaves, which are able to utilize the direct sunlight in the upper layer of a meadow while clover species sprout larger but thinner leaves to absorb the weaker light close to the ground more effectively.

That's the conclusion of a team of scientists using a new approach to study tiny atmospheric particles called aerosols that can influence climate by absorbing or reflecting sunlight and seeding clouds.